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Effects of constant and variable temperatures on development and reproduction of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

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Abstract

We focused on the influence of different temperature amplitudes on development and reproduction of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, at a 16:8 (L:D) h photoperiod and 60–95 % RH. The temperature amplitudes varied from 0 to 24 °C in steps of 6 °C; i.e. 22 ± 0, 22 ± 3, 22 ± 6, 22 ± 9 and 22 ± 12 °C. Temperature changed every 24 h between a low and an upper value, but without changing the average temperature (22 °C). The number of eggs laid by five females for 24 h was slightly lower at 22 ± 12 °C than at constant temperature (22 ± 0 °C), and egg hatchability differed among the five temperature regimes. Developmental time at 22 ± 0 °C was shorter than that at 22 ± 3 and 22 ± 6 °C, but longer than that at 22 ± 9 and 22 ± 12 °C. The oviposition period, total fecundity per female and adult longevity gradually decreased with increasing amplitudes. Sex ratio was similar at all five temperature regimes. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m) was affected by temperature amplitude and the r m-values at all amplitudes except 22 ± 12 °C were higher than that at constant temperature. Thus, this study showed that variable temperature regimes influence population growth rates of T. urticae and that large amplitude regimes are stressful for this species.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Y. Kitashima, Dr. T. Matsuda and Mr. R. Sugawara, Ibaraki University, for their kind help in this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan

    Tetsuo Gotoh, Mitsuki Saito & Aya Suzuki

  2. Section of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Ø Copenhagen, Denmark

    Gösta Nachman

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  1. Tetsuo Gotoh
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  2. Mitsuki Saito
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  3. Aya Suzuki
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  4. Gösta Nachman
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Correspondence to Tetsuo Gotoh.

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Gotoh, T., Saito, M., Suzuki, A. et al. Effects of constant and variable temperatures on development and reproduction of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Exp Appl Acarol 64, 465–478 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-014-9841-8

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