Abstract
Coupling beams between shear walls are one of the key elements for energy dissipation in tall buildings. A representative mathematical model of coupling beam should represent flexure, shear and interface slip/extension mechanisms simultaneously. This goal can be achieved by using either detailed finite element models or by using macro models. This paper presents a review of various macro model alternatives for diagonally reinforced coupling beams in the literature. Three distinct methods have been reviewed in terms of their modeling techniques, the cyclic response overlap and the amount of cumulative plastic energy dissipated based on the results of previously performed tests. Through an analytical study, adequately accurate results can be captured by using macro models, although they are simpler in practice compared to sophisticated micro models. This study shows that, by modifying ultimate shear capacities where concrete material between diagonal bundles is adequately confined, it is possible to capture a more realistic result and a better approximation to the actual responses. It is also concluded that a simpler numerical model for diagonally reinforced coupling beams can be achieved by introducing linear part of slip/extension behavior into elastic part of the beam. It is observed, as a result of this study, that the ratio of effective stiffness to that of the gross cross-sectional one ranges from 0.04 to 0.14 in diagonally reinforced coupling beams depending on the aspect ratio and the beam strength parameters.
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Acknowledgments
The principal author is a Ph.D. candidate in the Structural Engineering graduate program at Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey. This research was funded by Istanbul Technical University Scientific Research Project Coordination Department (BAP). Their generous support is gratefully appreciated. The authors would also like to acknowledge Arup and its engineers for providing their sources and sharing their experiences. Their invaluable knowledge, expert guidance and encouragement allowed this work to be completed. The authors are greatly thankful to Dr. Eleni Smyrou for providing technical contribution to this article. The authors would finally like to thank to the anonymous reviewers who contributed in improving the paper largely during the review process.
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Toprak, A.E., Bal, İ.E. & Gülay, F.G. Review on the macro-modeling alternatives and a proposal for modeling coupling beams in tall buildings. Bull Earthquake Eng 13, 2309–2326 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9720-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9720-z