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Assessment of bioinvasion impacts on a regional scale: a comparative approach

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Abstract

This paper presents an overall bioinvasion impact assessment on the scale of a large marine region—the Baltic Sea, as defined by the Helsinki Commission. The methodology is based on a classification of the abundance and distribution range of alien species and the magnitude of their impacts on native communities, habitats and ecosystem functioning aggregated in a “Biopollution Level” index (BPL) which ranges from ‘no impact’ (BPL = 0) to ‘massive impact’ (BPL = 4). The assessment performed for nine Baltic sub-regions revealed that documented ecological impact is only known for 43 alien species out of 119 registered in the Sea. The highest biopollution (BPL = 3, strong impact) occurs in coastal lagoons, inlets and gulfs, and the moderate biopollution (BPL = 2)—in the open sea areas. The methodology was also used to classify species into alien (BPL = 0) versus ‘impacting’ species (BPL > 0), which can be divided into ‘potentially invasive’ (BPL = 1) and ‘invasive’ (BPL > 1) ones. No clear correlation between the number of established alien and impacting species was found in the sub-regions of the Baltic Sea. The methodology, although requiring a substantial research effort, proved to be useful for interregional comparisons and evaluating the bioinvasion effects of individual alien species.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Theme 6 of the EC seventh framework program through the Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment (MEECE No 212085) Collaborative Project and Lithuanian State Sciences and Studies Foundation Project Biological invasions in Lithuanian ecosystems under the climate change: causes, impacts and projections (BINLIT C-04/2008/2). The authors express their gratitude to Dan Minchin, John Milton Fogg and the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and advises on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Coastal Research and Planning Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania

    Anastasija Zaiko, Aleksas Narščius & Sergej Olenin

  2. Department of Informatics, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, 92294, Klaipeda, Lithuania

    Aleksas Narščius

  3. Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, P.O. Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland

    Maiju Lehtiniemi

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  1. Anastasija Zaiko
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  2. Maiju Lehtiniemi
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  4. Sergej Olenin
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Correspondence to Anastasija Zaiko.

Appendix

Appendix

See Table 1.

Table 1 Assessment of the biopollution level (BPL) caused by alien species in 9 analyzed assessment units (Baltic Sea sub-regions)
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Zaiko, A., Lehtiniemi, M., Narščius, A. et al. Assessment of bioinvasion impacts on a regional scale: a comparative approach. Biol Invasions 13, 1739–1765 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9928-z

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