nach oben

Erschienen in:

09.05.2017 | Original Paper

A framework for assessing readiness for tiger Panthera tigris reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia

verfasst von: T. N. E. Gray, R. Crouthers, K. Ramesh, J. Vattakaven, J. Borah, M. K. S. Pasha, T. Lim, C. Phan, R. Singh, B. Long, S. Chapman, O. Keo, M. Baltzer

Erschienen in: Biodiversity and Conservation | Ausgabe 10/2017

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Reintroduction is a viable conservation strategy for large carnivores however such reintroductions require robust feasibility assessments, considering ecological, management, and social factors, prior to implementation. Plans are being developed in a number of tiger range countries, including Cambodia, for tiger Panthera tigris reintroductions in response to local and national extinctions. We provide a framework for undertaking feasibility assessments for tiger, and other large carnivore, reintroductions and present a number of methodological tools, and appropriate indicators, for conducting such assessments. We apply the framework to plans by the Royal Government of Cambodia for tiger reintroduction into Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary (formally Mondulkiri Protected Forest), eastern Cambodia. Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary forms part of a large (>13,000-km²) trans-boundary conservation landscape with potential to support a tiger source population. Current ungulate prey densities, assessed through robust line-transect sampling, at approximately 5.0 individuals per km² may be sufficient to support a breeding tiger population. However levels of protected area management and law enforcement fall below global standards for tiger recovery. Local communities, though supportive of conservation efforts, also identified a number of concerns regarding reintroduction. Therefore current ecological, social, and management conditions within SWS are not currently suitable for tiger reintroduction. However with improved and more effective law enforcement, combined with robust monitoring of the indicators within our framework, such conditions could be met. We recommend that our framework for assessing landscape suitability for reintroductions offers an effective road map for reintroduction-based recovery of tiger populations across tiger range countries.

Vorheriger Artikel The importance of microhabitat structure in maintaining forest mammal diversity in a mixed land-use mosaic

Nächster Artikel Spatio-temporal analyses of local biodiversity hotspots reveal the importance of historical land-use dynamics

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Batson WG, Gordon IJ, Fletcher DB, Manning AD (2015) Translocation tactics: a framework to support the IUCN guidelines for wildlife translocations and improve the quality of applied methods. J Appl Ecol 52:1598–1607CrossRef

Bruner AG, Gullison RE, Rice RE, Da Fonseca GA (2001) Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity. Science 291:125–128CrossRefPubMed

Carbone C, Gittleman JL (2002) A common rule for the scaling of carnivore density. Science 295:2273–2276CrossRefPubMed

Carter NH, Allendorf TD (2016) Gendered perceptions of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Biol Conserv 202:69–77CrossRef

Chestin IE, Paltsyn MY, Pereladova OB, Iegorova LV, Gibbs JP (2017) Tiger re-establishment potential to former Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) range in Central Asia. Biol Conserv 205:42–51CrossRef

Chiang PJ, Pei KJC, Vaughn MR, Li CF, Chen MT, Liu JN, Lin CY, Lai YC (2015) Is the cloued leopard Neofelis nebulosa extinct in Taiwan and could it be reintroduced? An assessment of prey and habitat. Oryx 49:261–269CrossRef

Coad L, Leverington F, Burgess ND, Cuadros IC, Geldmann J, Marthews TR, Mee J, Nolte C, Stoll-Kleeman S, Vansteelant N (2013) Progress towards the CBD protected area management effectiveness targets. PARKS 19:13–24CrossRef

Conservation Assured (2015) CA|TS manual version 1.2, 1.1 edn. Conservation Assured, Petaling Jaya

Duangchantrasiri S, Umponjan M, Simcharoen S, Pattanavibool A, Chaiwattana S, Maneerat S, Kumar N, Jathanna D, Srivathsa A, Karanth KU (2016) Dynamics of a low-density tiger population in Southeast Asia in the context of improved law enforcement. Conserv Biol 30:639–648CrossRefPubMed

Dwyer MB (2015) The formalization fix? Land titling, land concessions and the politics of spatial transparency in Cambodia. J Peasant Stud 42:903–928CrossRef

Fischer J, Lindenmayer DB (2000) An assessment of the published results of animal relocations. Biol Conserv 96:1–11CrossRef

Fontúrbel FE, Simonetti JA (2011) Translocations and human-carnivore conflicts: problem solving or problem creating? Wildl Biol 17:217–224CrossRef

Garrote G, López G, Gil-Sánchez JM, Rojas E, Ruiz M, Bueno JF, de Lillo S, Rodriguez-Siles J, Martín JM, Pérez J, García-Tardío M (2013) Human–felid conflict as a further handicap to the conservation of the critically endangered Iberian lynx. Eur J Wildl Res 59:287–290CrossRef

Global Tiger Initiative (2010) Global Tiger Recovery Program: Executive Volume. 2010. http://www.globaltigerinitiative.org/

Gray TNE, Prum S (2012) Leopard density in post-conflict Cambodia: evidence from Spatially Explicit Capture Recapture. J Wildl Manag 76:163–169CrossRef

Gray TNE, Ou R, Huy K, Pin C, Maxwell AL (2012) The status of large mammals in eastern Cambodia: a review of camera-trapping data 1999-2007. Cambodian J Natl Hist 2012:42–55

Gray TNE, Phan C, Pin C, Prum S (2013) Establishing a monitoring baseline for threatened large ungulates in eastern Cambodia. Wildl Biol 18:406–413CrossRef

Gray TNE, Hort S, Lefter E, Grosu R, Kong K, Keo O, Gauntlett S (2017a) A decade of zero elephant poaching in the Cardamom rainforest landscape Cambodia. Gajah 45:41–44

Gray TNE, Lynam AJ, Seng T, Laurance WF, Long B, Scotson L, Ripple WJ (2017b) Wildlife-snaring crisis in Asian forests. Science 355:255–256CrossRefPubMed

Griffith B, Scott JM, Carpenter JW, Reed C (1989) Translocation as a species conservation tool: status and strategy. Science 245:477–480CrossRefPubMed

Hansen MC, Potapov PV, Moore R, Hancher M, Turubanova SA, Tyukavina A, Thau D, Stehman SV, Goetz SJ, Loveland TR, Kommareddy A (2013) High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342:850–853CrossRefPubMed

Harihar A, Pandav B, Goyal SP (2011) Responses of leopard Panthera pardus to the recovery of a tiger Panthera tigris population. J Appl Ecol 48:806–814CrossRef

Hayward MW, Somers M (2009) Reintroduction of top-order predators. Wiley

Hean S (2000) Status of the tiger and its conservation in Cambodia. Dissertation, University of Minnesota, USA

Hebblewhite M, Miquelle DG, Murzin AA, Aramilev VV, Pikunov DG (2011) Predicting potential habitat and population size for reintroduction of the Far Eastern leopards in the Russian Far East. Biol Conserv 144(10):2403–2413CrossRef

Hockings M, Dudley N, MacKinnon K, Whitten T, Leverington F (2003) Reporting progress in protected areas: A site-level management effectiveness tracking tool. World Bank/WWF Alliance for Forest Conservation and Sustainable Use

Inskip C, Zimmermann A (2009) Human-felid conflict: a review of patterns and priorities worldwide. Oryx 43:18–34CrossRef

Ishibashi H, Inoue M, Tanaka M (2015) Historical change in the traditional use of forests and its association with belief in tiger spirits in the Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia: the impact of war and wildlife trade on the relationship between humans and tigers. Tropics 24:119–138CrossRef

IUCN SSC (2013) Guidelines for reintroductions and other conservation translocations. Gland, IUCN SSC

Jathanna D, Karanth KU, Johnsingh AJT (2003) Estimation of large herbivore densities in the tropical forests of southern India using distance sampling. J Zool 261:285–290CrossRef

Jędrzejewski W, Jędrzejewska B, Zawadzka B, Borowik T, Nowak Mysłajek RW (2008) Habitat suitability model for Polish wolves based on long-term national census. Anim Conserv 11:377–390CrossRef

Johnsingh AJT, Madhusudan MD (2009) Tiger reintroduction in India: conservation tool or costly dream. In: Reintroduction of top-order predators. ZSL & Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, pp 146-163

Johnson WE, Onorato DP, Roelke ME, Land ED, Cunningham M, Belden RC, McBride R, Jansen D, Lotz M, Shindle D, Howard J, Wildt DE, Penfold LM, Hostetler JA, Oli MK, O’Brien SJ (2010) Genetic restoration of the Florida panther. Science 329:1641–1645CrossRefPubMed

Johnson A, Goodrich J, Hansel T, Rasphone A, Saypanya S, Vongkhamheng C, Strindberg S (2016) To protect or neglect? Design, monitoring, and evaluation of a law enforcement strategy to recover small populations of wild tigers and their prey. Biol Conserv 202:99–109CrossRef

Karanth KU, Nichols JD (2000) Ecological status and conservation of tigers in India. Final technical report to the Division of International Conservation, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington DC and Wildlife Conservation Society, New York. Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore

Karanth KU, Sunquist ME (2000) Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus) and dhole (Cuon alpinus) in Nagarahole, India. J Zool 250:255–265CrossRef

Karanth KU, Nichols JD, Kumar NS, Link WA, Hines JE (2004) Tigers and their prey: predicting carnivore densities from prey abundance. PNAS 101:4854–4858CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kolipaka SS, Persoon GH, De Iongh HH, Srivastava DP (2015) The influence of people’s practices and beliefs on conservation: a case study on human-carnivore relationships from the multiple use buffer zone of the Panna Tiger Reserve, India. J Hum Ecol 52:192–207

Loucks C, Mascia MB, Maxwell A, Huy K, Duong K, Chea N, Long B, Cox N, Seng T (2009) Wildlife decline in Cambodia, 1953–2005: exploring the legacy of armed conflict. Conserv Lett 2:82–92CrossRef

Luo SJ, Johnson WE, Martenson J, Antunes A, Martelli P, Uphyrkina O, Traylor-Holzer K, Smith JL, O’Brien SJ (2008) Subspecies genetic assignments of worldwide captive tigers increase conservation value of captive populations. Curr Biol 18:592–596CrossRefPubMed

Lynam AJ (2010) Securing a future for wild Indochinese tigers: transforming tiger vacuums into tiger source sites. Integr Zool 5:324–334CrossRefPubMed

MEFCC/WII (2015) Tiger ~ MEETR. Measuring the effectiveness of tiger reserves in India. Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change/Wildlife Institute of India, New Delhi

Miller B, Ralls K, Reading RP, Scott JM, Estes J (1999) Biological and technical considerations of carnivore translocation: a review. Anim Conserv 2:59–68CrossRef

Miller CS, Hebblewhite M, Petrunenko YK, Seryodkin IV, Goodrich JM, Miquelle DG (2014) Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) energetic requirements: implications for conserving wild tigers. Biol Conserv 170:120–129CrossRef

Neef A, Touch S, Chiengthong J (2013) The politics and ethics of land concessions in rural Cambodia. J Agric Environ Ethics 26:1085–1103CrossRef

O’Kelly HJ, Evans TD, Stokes EJ, Clements TJ, An D, Gately M, Nut M, Pollard EHB, Men S, Walston J (2012) Identifying conservation successes, failures and future opportunities; assessing recovery potential of wild ungulates and tigers in eastern Cambodia. PLoS ONE 7(10):e40482CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Olson DM, Dinerstein E (1998) The Global 200: a representation approach to conserving the Earth’s most biologically valuable ecoregions. Conserv Biol 12:502–515CrossRef

Pasha MKS, Stolton S, Baltzer M, Belecky M (2014) Conservation Assured|Tiger Standards (CA|TS): a multifunctional protected area management tool to aid implementation of international conventions, multilateral treaties, global initiatives & national action. Conservation Assured, Petaling Jaya

Pérez I, Anadón JD, Díaz M, Nicola GG, Tella JL, Giménez A (2012) What is wrong with current translocations? A review and a decision-making proposal. Front Ecol Environ 10:494–501CrossRef

Phan C, Prum S, Gray TNE (2010) Recent camera-trap records of globally threatened species from the Eastern Plains Landscape, Cambodia. Cambodian J Natl Hist 2010:89–93

Qin Y, Nyhus PJ, Larson CL, Carroll CJW, Munitgering J, Dalmer TD, Jun L, Tilston RF (2015) An assessment of South China tiger reintroduction potential in Hupingshan and Houhe National Nature Reserves, China. Biol Conserv 182:72–86CrossRef

Ramesh K, Malviya M, Umapathy G, Sankar K (2015) Evaluation of physiological stress and reproductive potential in reintroduced tiger populations in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan and Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh. Final Report. Wildlife Institute of India and National Tiger Conservation Authority, New Delhi

Rastogi A, Hickey GM, Badola R, Hussain SA (2012) Saving the superstar: a review of the social factors affecting tiger conservation in India. J Environ Manag 113:328–340CrossRef

Robert A, Colas B, Guigon I, Kerbiriou C, Mihoub JB, Saint-Jalme M, Sarrazin F (2015) Defining reintroduction success using IUCN criteria for threatened species: a demographic assessment. Anim Conserv 18:397–406CrossRef

Rostro-García S, Kamler JF, Ash E, Clements GR, Gibson L, Lynam AJ, McEwing R, Naing H, Paglia S (2016) Endangered leopards: range collapse of the Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri) in Southeast Asia. Biol Conserv 201:293–300CrossRef

Souter NJ, Simpson V, Mould A, Eames JC, Gray TN, Sinclair R, Farrell T, Jurgens JA, Billingsley A (2016) Will the recent changes in protected area management and the creation of five new protected areas improve biodiversity conservation in Cambodia. Cambodian J Natl Hist 2016:1–5

Steinmetz R, Chutipong W, Seuaturien N, Chirngsaard E, Khaengkhetkarn M (2010) Population recovery patterns of Southeast Asian ungulates after poaching. Biol Conserv 143:42–51CrossRef

Sunquist ME, Karanth KU, Sunquist F (1999) Ecology, behaviour and resilience of the tiger and its conservation needs. In: Seidensticker J (ed) Riding the tiger: tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 5–18

Thomas L, Buckland ST, Rexstad EA, Laake JL, Strindberg S, Hedley SL, Bishop JR, Marques TA, Burnham KP (2010) Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size. J Appl Ecol 47:5–14CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tilson R, Nyhus P, Muntifering J (2010) Yin and yang of tiger conservation in China. In: Tilson RL, Seal U (eds) Tigers of the world: the science, politics, and conservation of Panthera tigris, 2nd edn. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, pp 439–451CrossRef

Trouwborst A (2010) Managing the carnivore comeback: international and EU species protection law and the return of lynx, wolf and bear to Western Europe. J Environ Law 22:347–372CrossRef

Walston J, Robinson JG, Bennett EL, Breitenmoser U, da Fonseca GA, Goodrich J, Gumal M, Hunter L, Johnson A, Karanth KU, Leader-Williams N (2010) Bringing the tiger back from the brink—the six percent solution. PLoS Biol 14:e1000485CrossRef

Wegge P, Storaas T (2009) Sampling tiger ungulate prey by the distance method: lessons learned in Bardia National Park, Nepal. Anim Conserv 12:78–84CrossRef

Wikramanayake ED, Dinerstein E, Robinson JG, Karanth KU, Rabinowitz A (1998) An ecology-based method for defining priorities for large mammal conservation: the tiger as case study. Conserv Biol 12:865–868CrossRef

Wikramanayake E, Dinerstein E, Seidensticker J, Lumpkin S, Pandav B, Shrestha M, Mishra H, Ballou J, Johnsingh AJ, Chestin I, Sunarto S (2011) A landscape-based conservation strategy to double the wild tiger population. Conserv Lett 4:219–227CrossRef

Wolf C, Ripple WJ (2016) Prey depletion as a threat to the world’s large carnivores. R Soc Open Sci 3:160252CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: A framework for assessing readiness for tiger Panthera tigris reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia
verfasst von: T. N. E. Gray
R. Crouthers
K. Ramesh
J. Vattakaven
J. Borah
M. K. S. Pasha
T. Lim
C. Phan
R. Singh
B. Long
S. Chapman
O. Keo
M. Baltzer
Publikationsdatum: 09.05.2017
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Biodiversity and Conservation / Ausgabe 10/2017
Print ISSN: 0960-3115
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-9710
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 10/2017

Ready for climate change? Geographic trends in the protection status of critical sites for Western Palearctic ducks

Neotropical moth assemblages degrade due to oil palm expansion

The importance of microhabitat structure in maintaining forest mammal diversity in a mixed land-use mosaic

Extinctions of introduced game species on oceanic islands: curse for hunters or conservation opportunities?

The conservation value of tree decay processes as a key driver structuring tree cavity nest webs in South American temperate rainforests

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES): getting involved