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River network saturation concept: factors influencing the balance of biogeochemical supply and demand of river networks

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Abstract

River networks modify material transfer from land to ocean. Understanding the factors regulating this function for different gaseous, dissolved, and particulate constituents is critical to quantify the local and global effects of climate and land use change. We propose the River Network Saturation (RNS) concept as a generalization of how river network regulation of material fluxes declines with increasing flows due to imbalances between supply and demand at network scales. River networks have a tendency to become saturated (supply ≫ demand) under higher flow conditions because supplies increase faster than sink processes. However, the flow thresholds under which saturation occurs depends on a variety of factors, including the inherent process rate for a given constituent and the abundance of lentic waters such as lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and fluvial wetlands within the river network. As supply increases, saturation at network scales is initially limited by previously unmet demand in downstream aquatic ecosystems. The RNS concept describes a general tendency of river network function that can be used to compare the fate of different constituents among river networks. New approaches using nested in situ high-frequency sensors and spatially extensive synoptic techniques offer the potential to test the RNS concept in different settings. Better understanding of when and where river networks saturate for different constituents will allow for the extrapolation of aquatic function to broader spatial scales and therefore provide information on the influence of river function on continental element cycles and help identify policy priorities.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is a product of the AGU Chapman Conference on Extreme Climate Events held in San Juan Puerto Rico in January 2017. We would like to thank the USDA (award # 2016-67019-25280), NSF-EPSCoR (#1641157), USGS, National CZO office, and the US Forest Service IITF for funding this AGU Chapman conference on Extreme Climate and providing travel funds to the attendees. This research was also supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Macrosystem Biology (EF-1065286), NSF EPSCoR (EPS-1101245), and NSF LTER to Plum Island Ecosystem (OCE-1238212 and 1637630). Partial funding was provided by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project NH00609, and is Scientific Contribution #2743. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA

    W. M. Wollheim, L. E. Koenig & R. J. Stewart

  2. Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Spain

    S. Bernal

  3. NY Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Troy, NY, 12180-8349, USA

    D. A. Burns

  4. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    J. A. Czuba & D. Scott

  5. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA

    C. T. Driscoll

  6. St Anthony Falls Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA

    A. T. Hansen

  7. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA

    A. T. Hansen

  8. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    R. T. Hensley

  9. School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA

    J. D. Hosen & P. A. Raymond

  10. Plant & Soil Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA

    S. Inamdar

  11. Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA

    S. S. Kaushal

  12. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA

    Y. H. Lu

  13. Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy

    A. Marzadri

  14. Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management, The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA

    P. G. Vidon

  15. Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, 80512, USA

    E. Wohl

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  1. W. M. Wollheim
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  2. S. Bernal
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  3. D. A. Burns
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  11. L. E. Koenig
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  14. P. A. Raymond
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  15. D. Scott
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  16. R. J. Stewart
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  17. P. G. Vidon
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  18. E. Wohl
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Correspondence to W. M. Wollheim.

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Wollheim, W.M., Bernal, S., Burns, D.A. et al. River network saturation concept: factors influencing the balance of biogeochemical supply and demand of river networks. Biogeochemistry 141, 503–521 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0488-0

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