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Multi-Scale Sensible Heat Fluxes in the Suburban Environment from Large-Aperture Scintillometry and Eddy Covariance

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Abstract

Sensible heat fluxes (\(Q_{H}\)) are determined using scintillometry and eddy covariance over a suburban area. Two large-aperture scintillometers provide spatially integrated fluxes across path lengths of 2.8 and 5.5 km over Swindon, UK. The shorter scintillometer path spans newly built residential areas and has an approximate source area of 2–4 \(\text {km}^{2}\), whilst the long path extends from the rural outskirts to the town centre and has a source area of around 5–10 \(\text {km}^{2}\). These large-scale heat fluxes are compared with local-scale eddy-covariance measurements. Clear seasonal trends are revealed by the long duration of this dataset and variability in monthly \(Q_{H}\) is related to the meteorological conditions. At shorter time scales the response of \(Q_{H}\) to solar radiation often gives rise to close agreement between the measurements, but during times of rapidly changing cloud cover spatial differences in the net radiation (\(Q^{*}\)) coincide with greater differences between heat fluxes. For clear days \(Q_{H}\) lags \(Q^{*}\), thus the ratio of \(Q_{H}\) to \(Q^{*}\) increases throughout the day. In summer the observed energy partitioning is related to the vegetation fraction through use of a footprint model. The results demonstrate the value of scintillometry for integrating surface heterogeneity and offer improved understanding of the influence of anthropogenic materials on surface-atmosphere interactions.

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Notes

  1. Met Office climate statistics (1971–2000), http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate, last accessed 29 March 2013.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the following CEH staff: Alan Warwick and Cyril Barrett for design and construction of the scintillometer mountings, Geoff Wicks for assistance with the electronics and Dave McNeil for helping to build the rooftop weather station. This work would not have been possible without the generous co-operation of several people in Swindon who very kindly gave permission for equipment to be installed on their property. We also wish to thank the Science and Technology Facilities Council staff at Chilbolton Observatory for use of their test range for the scintillometer comparison. This work was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK.

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  1. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK

    H. C. Ward & J. G. Evans

  2. Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK

    H. C. Ward & C. S. B. Grimmond

  3. Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK

    C. S. B. Grimmond

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Ward, H.C., Evans, J.G. & Grimmond, C.S.B. Multi-Scale Sensible Heat Fluxes in the Suburban Environment from Large-Aperture Scintillometry and Eddy Covariance. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 152, 65–89 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-014-9916-4

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