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Metal Phosphides: Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Reactivity

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Abstract

The preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity of supported metal phosphides are reviewed. Reduction of metal compounds together with phosphate is a convenient method to prepare metal phosphides, but requires high temperature. Reduction with phosphite, hypophosphite, or phosphine and the plasma reduction of phosphate can be carried out at lower temperatures, which leads to smaller metal phosphide particles and more active catalysts. Organometallic routes allow the separate synthesis of metal phosphide nanoparticles, which have to be added to the support in a second step. LEED, STM, XPS, and DFT studies have shown that the surfaces of Ni2P reconstruct to P-rich surfaces. The investigation of metal phosphides as catalysts for hydrotreating reactions continues to be a topic of considerable research with recent advances realized in using bimetallic and noble metal phosphides to achieve high activities and tailored selectivities. Finally, hydrodeoxygenation catalysis over metal phosphides is a growing area of research given the need to develop catalysts for upgrading biomass to transportation fuels.

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Acknowledgments

The participation of one of us (MEB) in the preparation of this review was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant number CHE-0809433. The authors acknowledge Professor Stephanie Brock for helpful discussion and comments on a draft of this review.

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  1. Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland

    Roel Prins

  2. Department of Chemistry, MS-9150, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA

    Mark E. Bussell

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Correspondence to Mark E. Bussell.

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Prins, R., Bussell, M.E. Metal Phosphides: Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Reactivity. Catal Lett 142, 1413–1436 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-012-0929-7

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