Abstract
The complexity of catalysts that the surface science community has been able to address has increased substantially in a systematic manner, starting with metal and oxide single crystal surfaces and evolving to an atomistic description of clusters and nanoparticles on well-defined, planar supports. The next step in adding complexity is now to address surfaces of porous oxide materials, in particular of zeolites, which are the most extensively used catalysts in the industry. The recently reported successful fabrication of well-ordered thin films, consisting of planar arrangement of aluminosilicate polygonal prisms on a metal substrate counting with highly acidic bridging hydroxyl groups on the surface, represents the limiting case of infinitely large pore and cages in zeolites. This model system allows one to study reactions catalyzed by zeolites using the toolkit of surface science. In this Perspective, we describe the zeolitic model system, with its virtues and limitations, as well as the challenges, opportunities and expectations for the future in modelling porous catalysts by a surface science approach.
Graphical Abstract
.
References
Somorjai GA, Park JY (2009) Surf Sci 603(10–12):1293–1300
Ertl G (1994) Surf Sci 299(1–3):742–754
Somorjai GA, Li YM (2010) Top Catal 53(5–6):311–325
Ertl G (2008) Angew Chem Int Ed 47(19):3524–3535
Freund H-J, Shaikhutdinov S, Nilius N (2014) Top Catal 57(10–13):822–832
Haw JF (2002) Phys Chem Chem Phys 4:5431–5441
Martínez C, Corma A (2011) Coord Chem Rev 255(13–14):1558–1580
Yilmaz B, Müller U (2009) Top Catal 52:888–895
Corma A (1995) Chem Rev 95(3):559–614
Baerlocher C, McCusker LB, (Accessed 07/01/2014)
Foster MD, Treacy MMJ A Database of Hypothetical Zeolite Structures: http://www.hypotheticalzeolites.net, (accessed 08/17/14)
Baerlocher C, McCusker LB, Olson DH (2007) Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types, 6th edn. Elsevier B. V, Amsterdam
Lupulescu AI, Rimer JD (2014) Science 344(6185):729–732
Weisenhorn AL, Mac Dougall JE, Gould SAC, Cox SD, Wise WS, Massie J, Maivald P, Elings VB, Stucky GD, Hansma PK (1990) Science 247(4948):1330–1333
Shaikhutdinov S, Freund HJ (2013) ChemPhysChem 14(1):71–77
Stacchiola D, Kaya S, Weissenrieder J, Kuhlenbeck H, Shaikhutdinov S, Freund H-J, Sierka M, Todorova TK, Sauer J (2006) Angew Chem Int Ed 45:7636–7639
Boscoboinik JA, Yu X, Yang B, Fischer FD, Włodarczyk R, Sierka M, Shaikhutdinov S, Sauer J, Freund H-J (2012) Angew Chem Int Ed 51:6005–6008
Löffler D, Uhlrich JJ, Baron M, Yang B, Yu X, Lichtenstein L, Heinke L, Büchner C, Heyde M, Shaikhutdinov S, Freund H-J, Wlodarczyk R, Sierka M, Sauer J (2010) Phys Rev Lett 105:146104
Boscoboinik JA, Yu X, Emmez E, Yang B, Shaikhutdinov S, Fischer FD, Sauer J, Freund H-J (2013) J Phys Chem C 117(26):13547–13556
Boscoboinik JA, Yu X, Yang B, Fischer FD, Włodarczyk R, Sierka M, Shaikhutdinov S, Sauer J, Freund H-J (2012) Angew Chem 124(24):6107–6111
Boscoboinik JA, Yu X, Yang B, Shaikhutdinov S, Freund H-J (2013) Microporous Mesoporous Mater 165:158–162
Dempsey E (1974) J Catal 33(3):497–499
Schroeder KP, Sauer J (1993) J Phys Chem 97(25):6579–6581
Lowenstein W (1954) Am Mineral 39:92
Lichtenstein L, Büchner C, Yang B, Shaikhutdinov S, Heyde M, Sierka M, Włodarczyk R, Sauer J, Freund H-J (2012) Angew Chem 124(2):416–420
Büchner C, Lichtenstein L, Yu X, Boscoboinik JA, Yang B, Kaden WE, Heyde M, Shaikhutdinov SK, Włodarczyk R, Sierka M, Sauer J, Freund H-J (2014) Chem Eur J 20(30):9176–9183
Yoshiki B, Matsumoto K (1951) J Am Ceram Soc 34:283–286
Lamberti C, Zecchina A, Groppo E, Bordiga S (2010) Chem Soc Rev 39:4951–5001
Bordiga S, Regli L, Cocina D, Lamberti C, Bjørgen M, Lillerud KP (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B 109:2779–2784
Yang B, Kaden WE, Yu X, Boscoboinik JA, Martynova Y, Lichtenstein L, Heyde M, Sterrer M, Wlodarczyk R, Sierka M, Sauer J, Shaikhutdinov S, Freund H-J (2012) Phys Chem Chem Phys 14(32):11344–11351
Makarova MA, Ojo AF, Karim K, Hunger M, Dwyer J (1994) J Phys Chem 98:3619–3623
Spoto G, Bordiga S, Ricchiardi G, Scarano D, Zecchina A, Borello E (1994) J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 90:2827
Lavalley J-C, Jolly-Feaugas S, Janin A, Saussey J (1997) Mikrochim. Acta Supp 14:51–56
Umansky B, Engelhardt J, Hall WK (1991) J Catal 127:128–140
Hill IM, Al Hashimi S, Bhan A (2012) J Catal 285(1):115–123
Svelle S, Tuma C, Rozanska X, Kerber T, Sauer J (2009) J Am Chem Soc 131(2):816–825
Nishimura SY, Gibbons RF, Tro NJ (1998) J Phys Chem B 102(35):6831–6834
Shimanouchi T (1972) Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated, vol I. National Bureau of Standards, Washington DC, pp 1–160
Roth WJ, Nachtigall P, Morris RE, Čejka J (2014) Chem Rev 114(9):4807–4837
Tsapatsis M (2014) AIChE J 60(7):2374–2381
Zhang X, Liu D, Xu D, Asahina S, Cychosz KA, Agrawal KV, Al Wahedi Y, Bhan A, Al Hashimi S, Terasaki O, Thommes M, Tsapatsis M (2012) Science 336(6089):1684–1687
Brandenberger S, Kröcher O, Tissler A, Althoff R (2008) Catalysis Reviews 50(4):492–531
Regina Oliveira de Souza T, Modesto de Oliveira Brito S, Martins Carvalho Andrade H (1999) Appl Catal A 178(1):7–15
Boscoboinik JA, Yu X, Shaikhutdinov S, Freund H-J (2014) Microporous Mesoporous Mater 189:91–96
Cheng K, Kang J, Huang S, You Z, Zhang Q, Ding J, Hua W, Lou Y, Deng W, Wang Y (2012) ACS Catal. 2(3):441–449
Acknowledgments
We gratefully thank Prof. H.-J. Freund and all our coworkers cited in the references, in particular the theory group of Prof. J. Sauer, for their tremendous contribution to the work presented here. J.A.B thanks the A. von Humboldt Foundation and the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at BNL, under DOE contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boscoboinik, J.A., Shaikhutdinov, S. Exploring Zeolite Chemistry with the Tools of Surface Science: Challenges, Opportunities, and Limitations. Catal Lett 144, 1987–1995 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1369-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1369-3