Abstract
With cellulose acetate (CA) as a base material, a novel environmentally friendly carboxylate waterborne cellulose acetate (CWCA) emulsion was synthesized via the method of self-emulsification. Taking advantage of acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate as a modifier, and isophorone diisocyanate as a bridging agent, the molecular structural design of CWCA dispersion was completed successfully, and the structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In this work, the particle size and distribution of the stable CWCA dispersion with solid content of 22.6% are 115.6 and 0.158 nm, respectively. It was found that the microstructure of emulsion particles is a core-shell structure containing a hydrophilic carboxylate group as the shell and hydrophobic cellulose acetate molecular as the core. In addition, the hydrophobic behavior of CWCA film is presented as a contact angle of 109.9°. Furthermore, CWCA film provided a higher thermal decomposition temperature of 345.42 °C than that of CA film at the largest mass loss rate.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aguirresarobe RH, Martin LL, Aramburu N, Irusta L, Fernandez-Berridi MJ (2016) Coumarin based light responsive healable waterborne polyurethanes. Prog Org Coat 99:314–321
Bali G, Khunsupat R, Akinosho H, Payyavula RS, Samuel R, Tuskan GA, Kalluri UC, Ragauskas AJ (2016) Characterization of cellulose structure of Populus, plants modified in candidate cellulose biosynthesis genes. Biomass Bioenergy 94:146–154
Bergenstrahle-Wohlert M, Ortoli TA, Sjoberg NA, Widmalm G, Wohlert J (2016) On the anomalous temperature dependence of cellulose aqueous solubility. Cellulose 23:2375–2387
Candido RG, Gonçalves AR (2016) Synthesis of cellulose acetate and carboxymethylcellulose from sugarcane straw. Carbohydr Polym 152:679–686
Cao J, Sun XW, Lu CH, Zhou ZH, Zhang XX, Yuan GP (2016) Water-soluble cellulose acetate from waste cotton fabrics and the aqueous processing of all-cellulose composites. Carbohydr Polym 149:60–67
Chen L, Hong L, Lin JC, Meyers G, Harris J, Radler M (2016) Epoxy–acrylic core–shell particles by seeded emulsion polymerization. J Colloids Interface Sci 473:182–189
Erdman A, Kulpinski P, Olejnik K (2016) Application of nanocomposite cellulose fibers with luminescent properties to paper functionalization. Cellulose 23:2087–2097
Ghosh B, Gogoi S, Thakur S, Karak N (2016) Bio-based waterborne polyurethane/carbon dot nanocomposite as a surface coating material. Prog Org Coat 90:324–330
Habib E, Reza Y, Valiollah B (2016) Study on the reinforcing effect of nanodiamond particles on the mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties of cellulose acetate membranes. Diam Relat Mater 69:166–176
Hasanzadeh I, Mahdavian AR, Salehi-Mobarakeh H (2014) Particle size and shell composition as effective parameters on MFFT for acrylic core–shell particles prepared via seeded emulsion polymerization. Prog Org Coat 77:1874–1882
Jiang YJ, Li L, Liu JP, Wang R, Wang HS (2016) Hydrophobic films of acrylic emulsion by incorporation of fluorine-based copolymer prepared through the RAFT emulsion copolymerization. J Fluor Chem 183:82–91
Jogunola O, Eta V, Hedenström M, Sundman O, Salmi T, Mikkola JP (2016) Ionic liquid mediated technology for synthesis of cellulose acetates using different co-solvents. Carbohydr Polym 135:341–348
Kang HL, Liu RG, Huang Y (2015) Graft modication of cellulose: methods, properties and applications. Polymer 70:1–16
Kim M, Lee YS (2016) Deacetylation of cellulose acetate nanofibers by fluorination for carbon nanofibers. Mater Lett 181:236–239
Lei L, Xia ZB, Ou CB, Zhang L, Zhong L (2015) Effects of crosslinking on adhesion behavior of waterborne polyurethane ink binder. Prog Org Coat 88:155–163
Li M, Qiang XH, Xu W, Zhang H (2015) Synthesis, characterization and application of AFC-based waterborne polyurethane. Prog Org Coat 84:35–41
Liu N, Zhao YH, Kang MQ, Wang JW, Wang XK, Feng YL, Yin N, Li QF (2015) The effects of the molecular weight and structure of polycarbonatediols on the properties of waterborne polyurethanes. Prog Org Coat 82:46–56
Ma SD, Song GL, Feng NB (2016) Preparation and characterization of self-emulsified waterborne nitrocellulose. Carbohydr Polym 89:36–40
Mysliwiec D, Chylinska M, Monika SC, Chibowski S, Zdunek A (2016) Revision of adsorption models of xyloglucan on microcrystalline cellulose. Cellulose 23:2819–2829
Nemr AE, Ragab S, Sikaily AE (2016) Testing zinc chloride as a new catalyst for direct synthesis of cellulose di-and tri-acetate in a solvent free system under microwave irradiation. Carbohydr Polym 151:1058–1067
Patricio PSDO, Pereira IM, Silva NCFD, Ayres E, Pereira FV, Orefice RL (2013) Tailoring the morphology and properties of waterborne polyurethanes by the procedure of cellulose nanocrystal incorporation. Eur Polym J 49:3761–3769
Peng SJ, Jin Y, Cheng XF, Sun TB, Qi R, Fan BZ (2015) A new method to synthesize high solid content waterborne polyurethanes by strict control of bimodal particle size distribution. Prog Org Coat 86:1–10
Pi PH, Wang WX, Wen XF, Xu S, Cheng J (2015) Synthesis and characterization of low-temperature self-crosslinkable acrylate emulsion for PE/PP film ink. Prog Org Coat 81:66–71
Poma AB, Chwastyk M, Cieplak M (2016) Coarse-grained model of the native cellulose Iα a and the transformation pathways to the Iβ allomorph. Cellulose 23:1573–1591
Przybylak M, Maciejewski H, Dutkiewicz A, Dabek I, Nowicki M (2016) Fabrication of superhydrophobic cotton fabrics by a simple chemical modification. Cellulose 23:2185–2197
Santamaria-Echart A, Arbelaiz A, Saralegi A, Fernández-d’Arlas B, Eceiza A, Corcuera MA (2015) Relationship between reagents molar ratio and dispersion stability and film properties of waterborne polyurethanes. Colloids Surf A 482:554–561
Shen YZ, Zhao C, Zhou JM, Du CW (2015) Application of waterborne acrylic emulsions in coated controlled release fertilizer using reacted layer technology. Chin J Chem Eng 23:309–314
Su XX, Zhao QX, Zhang D, Dong W (2015) Synthesis and membrane performance characterization of self-emulsified waterborne nitrocellulose dispersion modified with castor oil. Appl Surf Sci 356:610–614
Willberg-Keyriläinen P, Talja R, Asikainen S, Harlin A, Ropponen J (2016) The effect of cellulose molar mass on the properties of palmitate esters. Carbohydr Polym 151:988–995
Wu GM, Chen J, Huo SP, Liu GF, Kong ZW (2014) Thermoset nanocomposites from two-component waterborne polyurethanes and cellulose whiskers. Carbohydr Polym 105:207–213
Xu Q, Chen C, Rosswurm K, Yao TM, Janaswamy S (2016) A facile route to prepare cellulose-based films. Carbohydr Polym 149:274–281
Yang JY, Duan JJ, Zhang L, Lindman B, Edlund H, Norgren M (2016) Spherical nanocomposite particles prepared from mixed cellulose–chitosan solutions. Cellulose 23:3105–3115
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the Industrialization Breeding Project of the Department of Education of Shaanxi Province (no. 2012JC04).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Su, X., Zhang, Y., Zhao, D. et al. Synthesis and characterization of carboxylate waterborne cellulose emulsion based on cellulose acetate. Cellulose 24, 2049–2057 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1239-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1239-4