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Microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA reveal regional population structure in bobcats (Lynx rufus) of North America

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Abstract

Genetic analyses can facilitate large-scale conservation planning for wide-ranging species capable of long-distance dispersal. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are the most broadly distributed native felid in North America, and are managed on a “state-by-state” basis. Little is known about the distribution of genetic diversity across bobcats’ range. We examined genetic differentiation among bobcats from throughout their distributional range in North America using 10 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial control region sequence to elucidate patterns of genetic diversity. Both markers revealed significant regional genetic differentiation. Additionally, genetic diversity estimates, population expansion statistics, and the haplotype network elucidated from mitochondrial DNA analyses, suggest that populations in the West and East/Midwest experienced historical population expansions, with the East/Midwest likely undergoing periodic range contractions and extirpations during bobcat colonization. Microsatellite data revealed significant regional genetic differentiation between the Midwest and East, as well as the West, suggesting that recent barriers to gene flow may be affecting dispersal of bobcats. These analyses indicate that conservation of forested areas will be crucial for maintaining gene flow throughout bobcats’ range as human populations increase and that multi-state consortia may be a more appropriate way to manage bobcats as this scenario will conserve both historical and current levels of genetic diversity.

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Acknowledgments

We thank C. Albright, C. Carlton, G. Duncan, R. Earle, J. Emmerich, J. Erb, J. Ermer, H. Ernest, B. Ettinger, W. Jakubus, L. Jahnke, J. Janecka, S. Johnson, B. Lanka, D. Lutz, G. Matthews, J. Mitchell, J. Nemick, M. O’Brien, J. Olson, B. Parker, A. Roth, B. Rudd, J. Stevens, T. Stevens and Stevens Fur Company, S. Smith, D. Wagner, B. Weeks, and R. Woostenhulme, for providing tissue samples analyzed in this study, and most notably B. Bluett and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) who coordinated this effort. Special thanks to A. Woolf for initiating this work. Thanks to C. Krajewski and K. Ibrahim for providing comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Additional thanks to F. Anderson, A. Cordoba, A. Schrey, and J. Sipiorski for assistance with molecular work and statistical analyses. Also, thank you to several anonymous reviews of previous versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the IDNR Special Funds Program, State Furbearer Fund to A.W and the Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory (CWRL). Additional support was provided to E.C. by CWRL, the Department of Zoology and Southern Illinois University—Carbondale Graduate School.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901-6504, USA

    Emily K. Croteau & Eric C. Hellgren

  2. Biology Department, Valdosta State University, 1500 North Patterson Street, Valdosta, GA, 31698, USA

    Emily K. Croteau

  3. Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Life Sciences II, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901-6511, USA

    Edward J. Heist

  4. Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901-6504, USA

    Clayton K. Nielsen

  5. Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 106 Research Drive, 4120 MSRB II, MC 103020, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Jennifer R. Hutchinson

  6. Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA

    Eric C. Hellgren

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Croteau, E.K., Heist, E.J., Nielsen, C.K. et al. Microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA reveal regional population structure in bobcats (Lynx rufus) of North America. Conserv Genet 13, 1637–1651 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0416-0

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