Skip to main content
Log in

A Detailed Study of Financial Exclusion in the UK

  • Published:
Journal of Consumer Policy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The concept of financial exclusion has been the subject of increasing interest and debate and is characterised as a situation where a proportion of the population have limited access to mainstream financial services. Previous studies of financial exclusion in the UK have generally focused on a particular financial service, such as bank accounts, and have incorporated differing methods and models of investigation. Thus, comparing and contrasting significant influences on exclusion across a range of financial services proves problematic. The current study uses a common model to test and compare influences on exclusion for a wide range of financial services. Findings show that the most consistent and significant influences on financial exclusion are employment status, household income, and housing tenure, closely followed by marital status, age, and level of academic qualification. A more complex relationship with the remaining explanatory variables is apparent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • A. M. Aizcorbe A. B. Kennickell K. B. Moore (2003) ArticleTitleRecent changes in US family finances: Evidence from the 1998 and 2001 Survey of Consumer Finances Federal Reserve Bulletin 89 IssueID1 1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, S. (2003). Logistic regression. http://schatz.sju.edu/multivar/guide/ logistic.pdf; downloaded 08/03/2003.

  • R. A. Avery R. W. Bostic P. S. Calem G. B. Canner (1999) ArticleTitleTrends in home purchase lending: Consolidation and the Community Reinvestment Act Federal Reserve Bulletin 85 IssueID2 81–102

    Google Scholar 

  • P. N. Bloom (1997) ArticleTitleField of marketing and public policy: Introduction and overview Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 16 126–129

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Budd N. Campbell (1998) The role of public and private sectors in the UK pension system HM Treasury London

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Burton (1996) ArticleTitleEthnicity and consumer financial behaviour: A case study of British Asians in the pensions market International Journal of Bank Marketing 14 IssueID7 21–31

    Google Scholar 

  • J. P. Caskey (1997) Lower income Americans, higher cost financial services University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Business, Filene Research Institute, Center for Credit Union Research Madison, WI

    Google Scholar 

  • G. S. Day (1976) ArticleTitleAssessing the effects of information disclosure requirements Journal of Marketing 40 IssueID2 42–52

    Google Scholar 

  • G. S. Day W. K. Brandt (1974) ArticleTitleConsumer research and the evaluation of information disclosure requirements: The case of truth in lending Journal of Consumer Research 1 21–32

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameDepartment of Work and Pensions (2002) Simplicity, security and choice: Working and saving for retirement HMSO London

    Google Scholar 

  • J. F. Devlin M. Wright (1995) The changing environment of financial services C. Ennew M. Wright T. Watkins (Eds) Marketing financial services. EditionNumber2 Heinemann Oxford 1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Easterby-Smith R. Thorpe A. Lowe (1993) Management research: An introduction Sage London

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameFSA (2000a) In or out? Financial exclusion: A literature and research review Financial Services Authority London

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameFSA (2000b) Informed decisions? How customers use key features, a synthesis of research on the use of product information at the point of sale Financial Services Authority London

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameFSA (2000c) FSA publishes research on the causes and issues of financial exclusion Financial Services Authority London

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameFSA (2001) Women and personal finance: The reality of the gender gap Financial Services Authority London

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameFSA (2003a) Consumer education Financial Services Authority London

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameFSA (2003b) Options for regulating the sale of ‘‘simplified investment products’‘ Financial Services Authority London

    Google Scholar 

  • Green Paper on pensions reform (2002). London: HMSO.

  • J.F. Hair ParticleJr. R.E. Anderson R.L. Tatham W.C. Black (1998) Multivariate data analysis. EditionNumber5 Prentice-Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • T. S. Harrison (1994) ArticleTitleMapping customer segments for personal financial services International Journal of Bank Marketing 12 IssueID8 17–25

    Google Scholar 

  • T. S. Harrison (2000) Financial services marketing Financial Times/Prentice Hall Harlow

    Google Scholar 

  • HM Treasury (1999) Access to financial services HM Treasury London

    Google Scholar 

  • HM Treasury (2002) Medium and long term retail savings in the UK: A review (The Sandler Report) HM Treasury London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogarth, J. M., & O’Donnell, K. H. (1997). Being accountable: A descriptive study of unbanked households in the US. In: Proceedings of the Association for Financial Counselling and Planning Education, pp. 58–67, Available at: http://www.frbatlanta. org/invoke.cfm?objectid=DC6ADC02-8061-11D5-897D00609459DBE6 & method=display.

  • J. M. Hogarth K. H. O’Donnell (1999) ArticleTitleBanking relationships of lower-income families and the governmental trend towards electronic payment Federal Reserve Bulletin 85 IssueID7 459–473

    Google Scholar 

  • J. M. Hogarth K. H. O’Donnell (2000) ArticleTitleIf you build it, will they come? A simulation of financial product holdings among low-to-moderate income households. Journal of Consumer Policy 23 419–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, L. (1995). Bank failure: The financial marginalization of the poor. The American Prospect, 6(20).

  • D. Jobber (2004) Principles and practice of marketing EditionNumber4 McGraw-Hill London

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Kempson (1998) Savings and low income and ethnic minority households Personal Investment Authority London

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Kempson C. Whyley (1998) Access to current accounts British Bankers Association London

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Kempson C. Whyley (1999a) Kept in or opted out? Understanding and combating financial exclusion Policy Press Bristol

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Kempson C. Whyley (1999b) ArticleTitleUnderstanding and combating financial exclusion Insurance Trends (The Association of British Insurers) 21 18–22

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Lee (2002) ArticleTitleThe poor in the financial markets: Changes in the use of financial products, institutions and services from 1995 to 1998 Journal of Consumer Policy 25 203–231

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Leyshorn N. Thrift (1993) ArticleTitleThe restructuring of the UK financial services in the 1990s Journal of Rural Studies 9 223–241

    Google Scholar 

  • M. B. Mazis (1997) ArticleTitleMarketing and public policy: Prospects for the future Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 16 139–144

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, D. D., & Turner, J. A. (2000). Pension education: Does it work? Does it matter? Benefits Quarterly (1 Quarter), 64–72.

  • P. Morrison R. O’Brien (2001) ArticleTitleBank branch closures in New Zealand: The application of a spatial interaction model Applied Geography 21 301–330

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Noble D. Knights (2003) Financial Services Research Forum Education/Stakeholder Project: Comments on Green Paper on pensions reform Nottingham University Business School, Financial Services Research Forum Nottingham

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameOffice of Fair Trading (1999) Vulnerable consumers and financial services Office of Fair Trading London

    Google Scholar 

  • G. G. Panigyrakis P. K. Theodoridis C. A. Veloutsou (2002) ArticleTitleAll customers are not treated equally: Financial exclusion in isolated Greek islands Journal of Financial Services Marketing 7 54–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Policy Action Team 14 (undated). National strategy for neighbourhood renewal: Policy Action Team Audit: PAT 14 Financial Services. http://socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/publications/reports/html/pat_audit/14.htm; downloaded 20/02/2003.

  • K. Rowlingson C. Whyley T. Warren (1999) Wealth in Britain–A lifecycle perspective Policy Studies Institute London

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Whyley J. McCormick E. Kempson (1998) Paying for peace of mind Policy Studies Institute London

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James F. Devlin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Devlin, J.F. A Detailed Study of Financial Exclusion in the UK. J Consum Policy 28, 75–108 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-004-7313-y

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-004-7313-y

Keywords

Navigation