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Concentrations, input prediction and probabilistic biological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) along Gujarat coastline

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Abstract

A comprehensive investigation was conducted in order to assess the levels of PAHs, their input prediction and potential risks to bacterial abundance and human health along Gujarat coastline. A total of 40 sediment samples were collected at quarterly intervals within a year from two contaminated sites—Alang-Sosiya Shipbreaking Yard (ASSBRY) and Navlakhi Port (NAV), situated at Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch, respectively. The concentration of ΣPAHs ranged from 408.00 to 54240.45 ng g−1 dw, indicating heavy pollution of PAHs at both the contaminated sites. Furthermore, isomeric ratios and principal component analysis have revealed that inputs of PAHs at both contaminated sites were mixed-pyrogenic and petrogenic. Pearson co-relation test and regression analysis have disclosed Nap, Acel and Phe as major predictors for bacterial abundance at both contaminated sites. Significantly, cancer risk assessment of the PAHs has been exercised based on incremental lifetime cancer risks. Overall, index of cancer risk of PAHs for ASSBRY and NAV ranged from 4.11 × 10−6–2.11 × 10−5 and 9.08 × 10−6–4.50 × 10−3 indicating higher cancer risk at NAV compared to ASSBRY. The present findings provide baseline information that may help in developing advanced bioremediation and bioleaching strategies to minimize biological risk.

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Acknowledgement

Authors are thankful to Earth Science and Technology Cell (ESTC), Ministry of Science (MoES), Government of India (GoI), New Delhi, for financial assistance to carry out research. Thanks are also due to Dr N.C. Desai, Professor and Head, Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, for his help in the chemistry of PAHs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364001, India

    Haren B. Gosai, Bhumi K. Sachaniya, Dushyant R. Dudhagara, Rahul K. Rajpara & Bharti P. Dave

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  1. Haren B. Gosai
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  2. Bhumi K. Sachaniya
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  3. Dushyant R. Dudhagara
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Correspondence to Bharti P. Dave.

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Gosai, H.B., Sachaniya, B.K., Dudhagara, D.R. et al. Concentrations, input prediction and probabilistic biological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) along Gujarat coastline. Environ Geochem Health 40, 653–665 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-0011-x

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