Abstract
Wound protection during all stages of grapevine propagation is of utmost importance to prevent infection of propagation material by decline and dieback pathogens. In semi-commercial nursery trials, grapevine rootstock and scion cuttings were soaked in water (control), chemical or biological sanitation products prior to cold storage, prior to grafting (machine- or hand-grafting) and prior to planting in field nurseries. Natural infection levels in basal ends and graft unions of uprooted nursery grapevines were evaluated 8 months after planting. Total pathogen incidences in the water-treated control plants ranged from 30% in basal ends to 13.5% in graft unions. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora was the most commonly isolated pathogen, followed by Phaeoacremonium, Cylindrocarpon + Campylocarpon, Botryosphaeria and Phomopsis spp. Machine-grafted unions generally had lower pathogen incidences compared with hand-grafted graft unions. In general, repeated soak-treatments of propagation material in the tested products resulted in reduced pathogen incidences in nursery grapevines. However, products containing T. harzianum (Trichoflow-T), hydrogen peroxide (Bio-sterilizer) and 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate (Chinosol) gave inconsistent results, whereas Bronocide (a blend of halogenated alcohols and water) proved to be a good sterilising agent, but reduced certifiable plant yield significantly. Benomyl (at 100 g/100 l), Sporekill (a patented didecyldimethylammonium chloride formulation at 150 ml/100 l) and captan (at 1000 ml/100 l) were consistently the best treatments as growth parameters were not negatively influenced and pathogen incidences in basal ends and graft unions of uprooted plants were reduced.
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Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the University of Stellenbosch, the Agricultural Research Council and WINETECH and was carried out at the Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa. We acknowledge Voorgroenberg Nurseries, KWV-Vititec, Zane Sedeman, Henry Allies, Linda Nel, Carine Vermeulen and Julia Marais for technical assistance, and Frikkie Calitz for statistical analyses.
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Fourie, P.H., Halleen, F. Chemical and biological protection of grapevine propagation material from trunk disease pathogens. Eur J Plant Pathol 116, 255–265 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9057-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9057-9