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Hydrogeochemical processes controlling the high fluoride concentration in groundwater: a case study at the Boden block area, Orissa, India

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Abstract

The present investigation reports the assessment of hydrochemical/geochemical processes controlling the concentration of fluoride in groundwater of a village in India (Boden block, Orissa). Boden block is one of the severely affected fluoride-contaminated areas in the state of Orissa (India). The sampling and subsequent analysis of water samples of the study area was carried out following standard prescribed methods. The results of the analysis indicate that 36.60% groundwater F− concentration exceeds the limit prescribed by the World Health Organization for drinking water. The rock interaction with groundwater containing high concentration of HCO −3 and Na+ at a higher pH value of the medium could be one of the important reasons for the release of F− from the aquatic matrix into groundwater. Geochemical classification of groundwater based on Chadha rectangular diagram shows that most of the groundwater samples having fluoride concentration more than 1.5 mg L−1 belongs to the Na-K-HCO3 type. The saturation index values evaluated for the groundwater of the study area indicated that it is oversaturated with respect to calcite, whereas the same is undersaturated with respect to fluorite content. The deficiency of calcium ion concentration in the groundwater from calcite precipitation favors fluorite dissolution leading to excess of fluoride concentration. The risk index was calculated as a function of fluoride level in drinking water and morbidity of fluorosis categorizes high risk for villages of Amera and Karlakote panchayat of Boden block.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank UGC, New Delhi for financial assistance. We also thank Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), BIT, Mesra for providing analytical facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra-835 215, Ranchi, India

    S. K. Swain, V. K. Singh & Usha Jha

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra-835 215, Ranchi, India

    Sulagna Mishra & Prachi Sharma

  3. Department of Chemistry, Stewart Science College, Cuttack-753 008, Orissa, India

    Tanushree Patnaik

  4. Central Ground Water Board, SER, Bhubaneswar751 030, Orissa, India

    B. N. Dehury

  5. Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769 008, Orissa, India

    R. K. Patel

  6. Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753 003, Orissa, India

    R. K. Dey

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  1. R. K. Dey
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Dey, R.K., Swain, S.K., Mishra, S. et al. Hydrogeochemical processes controlling the high fluoride concentration in groundwater: a case study at the Boden block area, Orissa, India. Environ Monit Assess 184, 3279–3291 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2188-2

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