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A geostatistical methodology for the optimal design of space–time hydraulic head monitoring networks and its application to the Valle de Querétaro aquifer

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Abstract

This paper presents a new methodology for the optimal design of space–time hydraulic head monitoring networks and its application to the Valle de Querétaro aquifer in Mexico. The selection of the space–time monitoring points is done using a static Kalman filter combined with a sequential optimization method. The Kalman filter requires as input a space–time covariance matrix, which is derived from a geostatistical analysis. A sequential optimization method that selects the space–time point that minimizes a function of the variance, in each step, is used. We demonstrate the methodology applying it to the redesign of the hydraulic head monitoring network of the Valle de Querétaro aquifer with the objective of selecting from a set of monitoring positions and times, those that minimize the spatiotemporal redundancy. The database for the geostatistical space–time analysis corresponds to information of 273 wells located within the aquifer for the period 1970–2007. A total of 1,435 hydraulic head data were used to construct the experimental space–time variogram. The results show that from the existing monitoring program that consists of 418 space–time monitoring points, only 178 are not redundant. The implied reduction of monitoring costs was possible because the proposed method is successful in propagating information in space and time.

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Acknowledgments

H. E. Júnez-Ferreira greatly appreciates the support of the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) for a scholarship grant from February 2009 to August 2010. We would also like to acknowledge the reviewers for their comments and suggestions which helped us to improve this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Maestría en Ingeniería Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Av. Ramón López Velarde No. 801, Carretera a la Bufa, C.P. 98010, Zacatecas, Mexico

    H. E. Júnez-Ferreira

  2. Geophysics Institute, National University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico

    G. S. Herrera

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  1. H. E. Júnez-Ferreira
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  2. G. S. Herrera
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Correspondence to G. S. Herrera.

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Júnez-Ferreira, H.E., Herrera, G.S. A geostatistical methodology for the optimal design of space–time hydraulic head monitoring networks and its application to the Valle de Querétaro aquifer. Environ Monit Assess 185, 3527–3549 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2808-5

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