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Contaminants of emerging concern: a review of new approach in AOP technologies

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Abstract

The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), flame retardants (FRs), pesticides, and artificial sweeteners (ASWs) in the aquatic environments remains a major challenge to the environment and human health. In this review, the classification and occurrence of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments were discussed in detail. It is well documented that CECs are susceptible to poor removal during the conventional wastewater treatment plants, which introduce them back to the environment ranging from nanogram per liter (e.g., carbamazepine) up to milligram per liter (e.g., acesulfame) concentration level. Meanwhile, a deep insight into the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on mitigation of the CECs from aquatic environment was presented. In this regard, the utilization of various treatment technologies based on AOPs including ozonation, Fenton processes, sonochemical, and TiO2 heterogeneous photocatalysis was reviewed. Additionally, some innovations (e.g., visible light heterogeneous photocatalysis, electro-Fenton) concerning the AOPs and the combined utilization of AOPs (e.g., sono-Fenton) were documented.

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Abbreviations

APIs:

Active pharmaceutical ingredients

AOPs:

Advanced oxidation processes

ASWs:

Artificial sweeteners

BPA:

Bisphenol A

BDD:

Boron-doped diamond

CECs:

Contaminants of emerging concern

DOC:

Dissolved organic carbon

DW:

Drinking water

DWTP:

Drinking water treatment plant

ESI:

Electro-spray ionization

EDCs:

Endocrine-disrupting compounds

FRs:

Flame retardants

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

GW:

Groundwater

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

·OH:

Hydroxyl radical

IC:

Ion Chromatography

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

LC-MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

DEET:

N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide

MS:

Mass spectrometer

MW:

Microwave

PhACs:

Pharmaceutically active compounds

PPCPs:

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products

PBDEs:

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

RRLC-MS/MS:

Rapid resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

SPE-LC-MS/MS:

Solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

TOC:

Total organic carbon

Na6TPP:

Tetrapolyphosphate

TrOCs:

Trace organic contaminants

TPs:

Transformation products

TCC:

Triclocarban

TCS:

Triclosan

TBEP:

Tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate

TCEP:

Tris(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate

WWTPs:

Wastewater treatment plants

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Salimi, Ali Esrafili, Mitra Gholami, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary, Mahdi Farzadkia & Majid Kermani

  2. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Reza Sobhi

Authors
  1. Maryam Salimi
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  2. Ali Esrafili
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  3. Mitra Gholami
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  4. Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
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  5. Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
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  6. Mahdi Farzadkia
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  7. Majid Kermani
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  8. Hamid Reza Sobhi
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Correspondence to Ali Esrafili.

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Salimi, M., Esrafili, A., Gholami, M. et al. Contaminants of emerging concern: a review of new approach in AOP technologies. Environ Monit Assess 189, 414 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6097-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6097-x

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