1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 FPUFs
2.1.2 Fabrics
2.2 Smoke Box Test Equipment
2.3 Room Corner Mock-Up Test is Shown in Figure 1
2.4 Procedures
2.4.1 Small Scale Tests
2.4.2 Room Corner Full Scale Mock-Up Test
3 Results
3.1 Small Scale Testing
Sample condition | CO (ppm) | CO2 (ppm) | HCN (ppm) | HCl (ppm) | Notes | Ignition source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-FR cotton/1030-FPUF | 603 | 22,900 | ND | ND | Ignition on material | Source #1 |
Non-FR cotton/1030-FPUF | 475 | 22,900 | ND | ND | Ignition on material | Source #1 |
Non-FR cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 742 | 22,100 | ND | 28.3 | Ignition on material | Source #1 |
Non-FR cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 603 | 22,800 | ND | 16.5 | Ignition on material | Source #1 |
FR cotton/1030-FPUF | 3,040 | 19,900 | 220 | ND* | Ignition on cut area exposing foam | Source #2 |
FR cotton/1030-FPUF | 2,760 | 22,100 | 180 | ND* | Ignition on cut area exposing foam | Source #2 |
FR cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 26.1 | 273 | ND | 0.75 | No ignition on cut area exposing foam | Source #2 |
FR cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 51.1 | 374 | ND | 1.75 | Ignition on cut area exposing foam | Source #2 |
FR cotton/FR-1354n-FPUF | 1,370 | 3,200 | 124 | ND* | Ignition on cut area exposing foam | Source #2 |
FR cotton/FR-1354n-FPUF | 1,610 | 7,990 | 135 | ND* | Ignition on cut area exposing foam | Source #2 |
Sample condition | Initial mass (g) | Final mass (g) | Mass loss (g) | Max loss (s) | Optical density | Peak smoke (s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-FR cotton/1030-FPUF | 18.9 | 3.8 |
15.1
| 285 |
104
| 370 |
Non-FR cotton/1030-FPUF | 18.8 | 3.3 |
15.5
| 275 |
87
| 340 |
Non-FR cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 23.7 | 0.4 |
23.3
| 175 |
262
| 260 |
Non-FR cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 21.9 | 9.4 |
12.5
| 290 |
187
| 275 |
FR cotton/1030-FPUF | 20.4 | 5.4 |
15
| 610 |
530
| 375 |
FR cotton/1030-FPUF | 19.7 | 3.8 |
15.9
| 305 |
476
| 190 |
FR cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 24.1 | 24 |
0.1
| 5 |
1.63
| 330 |
FR cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 24 | 23.8 |
0.2
| 5 |
11.5
| 130 |
FR cotton/FR-1354n-FPUF | 23.3 | 17.1 |
6.2
| 260 |
547
| 180 |
FR cotton/FR-1354n-FPUF | 23.5 | 16.7 |
6.8
| 235 |
560
| 220 |
Sample condition | 1,2,3,4,6,7,8, HpCDD | OCDD | Total in pg | TEQ in pg adjusted for toxicity | Adjusted for box volume emission in pg/m3
| Adjusted to mass loss in pg/kg of sample |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CAS | 35822-46-9 | 3268-87-9 | ||||
Non-FR-cotton/1030-FPUF | 0 | 0.00624 | 0.00624 | 0.000000624 | 0.203 | 0.000135 |
Non-FR-cotton/1030-FPUF | 0.0107 | 0 | 0.0107 | 0.000107 | 0.349 | 0.225 |
Non-FR-cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 0 | 0.00942 | 0.00942 | 0.000000942 | 0.307 | 0.000132 |
Non-FR-cotton/FR- 1354-FPUF | 0 | 0 | ND | |||
FR-cotton/1030-FPUF | 0.0145 | 0.0065 | 0.021 | 0.000146 | 0.685 | 0.457 |
FR-cotton/1030-FPUF | 0.011 | 0.00685 | 0.0179 | 0.000111 | 0.584 | 0.367 |
FR cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 0 | 0 | ND | |||
FR cotton/FR-1354-FPUF | 0 | 0.00557 | ND | 0.000000557 | ||
FR cotton/FR-1354n-FPUF | 0.00841 | 0.00488 | 0.0133 | 0.0000845 | 0.434 | 69.9 |
FR cotton/FR-1354n-FPUF | 0 | 0.00865 | 0.00865 | 0.000000865 | 0.282 | 41.5 |
3.2 Large Scale Testing
Test ID | Sample mass loss | Ignition condition | pHHR (kW) | Time to pHHR | Total heat (°MJ) | Max OD | Time to max OD | Max RT | Time to max RT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test 1-non-FR cotton/1030 foam | 3.067 kg | Source #2 burner | 255 | 00:13:37 | 51 | 0.31 | 00:12:12 | 301°C (574°F) | 00:13:05 |
Test 2-FR cotton/1030 foam | 0.723 kg | Source #2 burner on exposed foam | 78 | 00:01:56 | 8 | 0.22 | 00:01:46 | 170°C (339°F) | 00:01:41 |
Test 3-FR cotton/1354 foam | 0.722 kg | TB 133 burner on exposed foam | 122 | 00:01:21 | 10 | 1.1 | 00:01:10 | 226°C (439°F) | 00:01:11 |
Test 4-non-FR cotton/1354 foam | 3.487 kg | Source #2 burner | 236 | 00:16:27 | 51 | 0.97 | 00:16:47 | 287°C (549°F) | 00:16:03 |
CAS# | Chemical | Non-FR cotton/1030 foam (ppm) | FR cotton/1030 foam (ppm) | FR cotton/FR1354 foam (ppb) | Non-FR cotton/FR1354 foam (ppb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test 1-1* | Test 1-2 | Test 2-1 | Test 2-2 | Test 3-1 | Test 3-2 | Test 4-1 | Test 4-2 | ||
115-07-1 | Propene | ND | 1.4 (J) | 9.60 | 0.12 | 11.8 | ND | 4.75 | 2.39 |
64-17-5 | Ethanol | ND | ND | 0.73 (J)*** | 0.03 (J) | 0.71 (J) | ND | ND | ND |
107-02-8 | Acrolein | ND | ND | 0.62 (J) | ND | 1.34 (J) | ND | 0.53 (J) | 0.46 (J) |
67-64-1 | Acetone | ND | 0.559 (J) | 5.49 | 106 | 5.63 | ND | 1.89 | 1.39 |
67-63-0 | Isopropanol | ND | ND | 1.03 (J) | 16.0 (J) | 0.79 (J) | ND | ND | ND |
78-93-3 | 2-Butanone | ND | ND | 0.70 (J) | 15.2 (J) | 0.67 (J) | ND | ND | ND |
142-82-5 | Heptane** | ND | ND | 0.26 (J) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
74-87-3 | Chloromethane | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.03 (J) | ND | 1.51 | 0.62 (J) |
74-83-9 | Bromomethane | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.62 (J) | ND | ND | ND |
71-43-2 | Benzene | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.85 | ND | 4.10 | 0.37 (J) |
10061-01-5 | Cis-1,3-dichloropropene | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.16 | ND | 0.44 (J) | 0.92 (J) |
10061-01-6 | Trans-1,3-dichloropropene | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.94 | ND | 0.36 (J) | 0.86 (J) |
108-88-3 | Toluene | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.27 (J) | ND |
91-20-3 | Naphthalene | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.29 (J) | ND |
CAS # | Compound | Non-FR cotton/1030 foam (ppb) | FR cotton/1030 foam (ppb) | FR cotton/FR 1354 foam (ppb) | Non-FR cotton/FR 1354 foam (ppb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test 1-1 | Test 1-2 | Test 2-1 | Test 2-2 | Test 3-1 | Test 3-2 | Test 4-1 | Test 4-2 | ||
460-19-5 | Ethanedinitrile | ND | 795 | ND | ND | 1,060 | ND | 7,960 | ND |
57-07-0 | Acetaldehyde | ND | ND | 1,310 | 23.1 | 774 | ND | 289 | ND |
534-22-5 | 2-methyl-furan | ND | ND | 307 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
1193-11-9 | 2,2,4-trimethyl- 1,3-dioxolane | ND | ND | 371 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
74-99-7 | Propyne | ND | ND | ND | ND | 372 | ND | 355 | ND |
75-05-8 | Acetonitrile | ND | ND | ND | ND | 523 | ND | 529 | ND |
107-13-1 | 2-propenenitrile | ND | ND | ND | ND | 616 | ND | 775 | 247 |
96-18-4 | 1,2,3-trichloropropane | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2,210 | ND | 1,240 | 777 |
100-47-0 | Benzonitrile | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1,410 | ND | 1,380 | ND |
1070-71-9 | Propionitrile | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 529 | ND |
Sample condition | CO (ppm) | CO2 (ppm) | HCN (ppm) | HCl (ppm) | Notes | Ignition source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Room corner test #1 | 123* | 3,930* | ND | ND | Ignition on material | Source #2 |
Room corner test #2 | 219 | 5,950 | 56 | ND | Ignition on material | Source #2 |
Room corner test #3 | 247 | 1,190 | ND | 28 | Ignition on material | ASTM 1357 |
Room corner test #4 | 1,110 | 6,420 | ND | 588 | Ignition on material | Source #2 |