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Manure-DNDC: a biogeochemical process model for quantifying greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from livestock manure systems

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Abstract

From the point of view of biogeochemistry, manure is a complex of organic matter containing minor minerals. When manure is excreted by animals, it undergoes a series of reactions such as decomposition, hydrolysis, ammonia volatilization, nitrification, denitrification, fermentation etc., from which carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) can be produced. Based on the principles of thermodynamics and reaction kinetics, these reactions are commonly controlled by a group of environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, redox potential, pH, substrate concentration gradient etc. The relations among the environmental factors, the reactions and the gas production have been incorporated in a process-based model, Manure-DNDC, to describe manure organic matter turnover and gas emissions. Using Manure-DNDC, the users can construct a virtual farm by selecting and integrating one or more of the candidate farm facilities (i.e., feedlot, compost, lagoon, anaerobic digester and cropping field) parameterized in the model. Manure-DNDC calculates variations of the environmental factors for each component facility based on its technical specifications, and then utilizes the environmental factors to drive the biogeochemical reactions. To verify the applicability of Manure-DNDC for livestock farms, seven datasets of air emissions measured from farms across the U.S. plus a Scotland pasture were utilized for model tests with encouraging results. A dairy farm in New York was used to assess the impacts of alternative management practices on the gas mitigation. The modeled results showed that a combination of changes in the feed quality, the lagoon coverage and the planted crop type could reduce greenhouse gas emission by 30 % and NH3 by 36 % at the farm scale.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the National Milk Producer Federation (NMPF), California Energy Commission, USDA National Research Institute (NRI) and the Dairy Research Institute for their financial support of the development of the Manure-DNDC model. Thanks are also given to A. Heber and R. Reed for providing field data for model evaluation. The preparation of this manuscript was partially supported by USDA NIFA project “Integrated resource management tool to mitigate the carbon footprint of swine produced in the U.S.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA

    Changsheng Li

  2. Applied Geosolutions, LLC, 87 Packers Falls Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA

    William Salas

  3. Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Ruihong Zhang

  4. Jordan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, California State University, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA

    Charley Krauter

  5. USDA/Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA, 16801-3702, USA

    Al Rotz

  6. Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Frank Mitloehner

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  1. Changsheng Li
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Correspondence to Changsheng Li.

Appendices

Appendix 1

See Table 8.

Table 8 Equations of biogeochemical processes parameterized in Manure-DNDC
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Appendix 2

See Table 9.

Table 9 Feed materials incorporated in Manure-DNDC for calculating feed rates and nutrient contents
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Appendix 3

See Table 10.

Table 10 Environmental factors parameterized in Manure-DNDC
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Li, C., Salas, W., Zhang, R. et al. Manure-DNDC: a biogeochemical process model for quantifying greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from livestock manure systems. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 93, 163–200 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9507-z

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