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Quantum Dialogue with Authentication Based on Bell States

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Abstract

We propose an authenticated quantum dialogue protocol, which is based on a shared private quantum entangled channel. In this protocol, the EPR pairs are randomly prepared in one of the four Bell states for communication. By performing four Pauli operations on the shared EPR pairs to encode their shared authentication key and secret message, two legitimate users can implement mutual identity authentication and quantum dialogue without the help from the third party authenticator. Furthermore, due to the EPR pairs which are used for secure communication are utilized to implement authentication and the whole authentication process is included in the direct secure communication process, it does not require additional particles to realize authentication in this protocol. The updated authentication key provides the counterparts with a new authentication key for the next authentication and direct communication. Compared with other secure communication with authentication protocols, this one is more secure and efficient owing to the combination of authentication and direct communication. Security analysis shows that it is secure against the eavesdropping attack, the impersonation attack and the man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. This work was supported by National Science Foundation of China under grant No. 61072140, the 111 Project under grant No. B08038, and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under grant No. 20100203110003.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, P.R. China

    Dongsu Shen, Wenping Ma, Xunru Yin & Xiaoping Li

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  1. Dongsu Shen
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  2. Wenping Ma
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  3. Xunru Yin
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  4. Xiaoping Li
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Correspondence to Dongsu Shen.

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Shen, D., Ma, W., Yin, X. et al. Quantum Dialogue with Authentication Based on Bell States. Int J Theor Phys 52, 1825–1835 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-012-1276-6

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