Skip to main content
Log in

Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Authentication Using Two Nonorthogonal States

  • Published:
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A quantum secure direct communication protocol with authentication using only two nonorthogonal states is presented. In the protocol, a one-way hash function is utilized for two-way authentication and two one-particle unitary operations are used for encoding. Moreover, it has been shown that this protocol is secure against some common attacks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shor, P.W.: Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium of Foundation of Computer Science, vol. 35, p. 124. IEEE Press, Los Alamitos (1994)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Grover, L.K.: A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, p. 212. ACM, New York (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G.: Quantum cryptography: public-key distribution and coin tossing. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, pp. 175–179. IEEE Press, New York (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gisin, N., Ribordy, G., Tittel, W., Zbinden, H.: Quantum cryptography. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 152–153 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Long, G.L., Liu, X.S.: Theoretically efficient high-capacity quantum-key-distribution scheme. Phys. Rev. A 65, 032302 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Beige, A., Englert, B.-G., Kurtsiefer, Ch., Weinfurter, H.: Secure communication with a publicly known key. Acta Phys. Pol. A 101, 357 (2002)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bostroem, K., Felbinger, T.: Deterministic secure direct communication using entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 187902 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cai, Q.Y.: The “Ping-Pong” protocol can be attacked without eavesdropping. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 109801 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Deng, F.G., Long, G.L., Liu, X.S.: Two-step quantum direct communication protocol using the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair block. Phys. Rev. A 68, 042317 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Deng, F.G., Long, G.L.: Secure direct communication with a quantum one-time pad. Phys. Rev. A 69, 052319 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lucamarini, M., Mancini, S.: Secure deterministic communication without entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 140501 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhu, A.D., Xia, Y., Fan, Q.B., Zhang, S.: Secure direct communication based on secret transmitting order of particles. Phys. Rev. A 73, 022338 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang, T.J., Li, T., Du, F.F., Deng, F.G.: High-capacity quantum secure direct communication based on quantum hyperdense coding with hyperentanglement. Chin. Phys. Lett. 28, 040305 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang, C., Deng, F.G., Long, G.L.: Multi-step quantum secure direct communication using multi-particle Green-Horne-Zeilinger state. Opt. Commun. 253, 15 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Tang, C.J.: Multiparty controlled quantum secure direct communication using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. Opt. Commun. 266, 732 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jin, X.R., Ji, X., Zhang, Y.Q., Hong, S.K., Yeon, K.H., Um, C.I.: Three-party quantum secure direct communication based on GHZ states. Phys. Lett. A 354, 67 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cao, H.J., Song, H.S.: Quantum secure direct communication with W state. Chin. Phys. Lett. 23, 290 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chen, X.B., Wen, Q.Y., Guo, F.Z., Sun, Y., Xu, G., Zhu, F.C.: Controlled quantum secure direct communication with W state. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 6, 899–906 (2008)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang, G.Y., Fang, X.M., Tan, X.H.: Quantum secure direct communication with cluster state. Chin. Phys. Lett. 23, 2658 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cao, W.F., Yang, Y.G., Wen, Q.Y.: Quantum secure direct communication with cluster states. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 53, 1271–1275 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sun, Z.W., Du, R.G., Long, D.Y.: Quantum secure direct communication with two-photon four-qubit cluster states. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51, 1946–1952 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Li, J., Song, D.J., Guo, X.J., Jing, B.: A quantum secure direct communication protocol based on a five-particle cluster state and classical XOR operation. Chin. Phys. C 36, 31–36 (2012)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Lin, S., Wen, Q.Y., Gao, F., Zhu, F.C.: Quantum secure direct communication with χ-type entangled states. Phys. Rev. A 78, 064304 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Xiu, X.M., Dong, H.K., Dong, L., Gao, Y.J., Chi, F.: Deterministic secure quantum communication using four-particle genuine entangled state and entanglement swapping. Opt. Commun. 282, 2457–2459 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Lin, S., Gao, F., Liu, X.F.: Quantum secure direct communication with five-qubit entangled state. Chin. Phys. Lett. 28, 030302 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Qin, S.J., Wen, Q.Y., Meng, L.M., Zhu, F.C.: Quantum secure direct communication over the collective amplitude damping channel. Sci. China Ser. G, Phys. Astron. 52, 1208–1212 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Yang, J., Wang, C., Zhang, R.: Faithful quantum secure direct communication protocol against collective noise. Chin. Phys. B 19, 110306 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Qin, S.J., Gao, F., Wen, Q.Y., Zhu, F.C.: Robust quantum secure direct communication over collective rotating channel. Commun. Theor. Phys. 53, 645–647 (2010)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Wang, C., Hao, L., Song, S.Y., Long, G.L.: Quantum direct communication based on quantum search algorithm. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 8, 443–450 (2010)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Shi, J., Gong, Y.X., Xu, P., Zhu, S.N., Zhan, Y.B.: Quantum secure direct communication by using three-dimensional hyperentanglement. Commun. Theor. Phys. 56, 831–836 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Gu, B., Huang, Y.G., Fang, X., Zhang, C.Y.: A two-step quantum secure direct communication protocol with hyperentanglement. Chin. Phys. B 20, 100309 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Yang, Y.G., Chai, H.P., Teng, Y.W., Wen, Q.Y.: Improving the security of controlled quantum secure direct communication by using four particle cluster states against an attack with fake entangled particles. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 50, 395–400 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Lee, H., Lim, J., Yang, H.: Quantum direct communication with authentication. Phys. Rev. A 73, 042305 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Yen, C.A., Horng, S.J., Goan, H.S., Kao, T.W., Chou, Y.H.: Quantum direct communication with mutual authentication. Quantum Inf. Comput. 9, 376–394 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Liu, D., Pei, C.X., Quan, D.X., Zhao, N.: A new quantum secure direct communication scheme with authentication. Chin. Phys. Lett. 27, 050306 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Yang, J., Wang, C., Zhang, R.: Quantum secure direct communication with authentication expansion using single photons. Commun. Theor. Phys. 54, 829–834 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Tsai, C.W., Wei, T.S., Hwang, T.: One-way quantum authenticated secure communication using rotation operation. Commun. Theor. Phys. 56, 1023–1026 (2011)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Sun, Z.W., Du, R.G., Long, D.Y.: Quantum secure direct communication with quantum identification. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 10, 125008 (2012)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  39. Cai, Q.Y.: Deterministic secure direct communication using mixed state. (2003). quant-ph/0304033, e-print

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Song Lin.

Additional information

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61202451), Fujian Province Science and Technology Cooperation Projects (Grant No. 2010H6007), Fujian Province Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2010J05128), Foundation of Fujian Education Bureau (Grant No. JA11054), Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Fujian Province University, and a Key Project of Fujian Provincial Universities-Information Technology Research Based on Mathematics.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yu, CH., Guo, GD. & Lin, S. Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Authentication Using Two Nonorthogonal States. Int J Theor Phys 52, 1937–1945 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-012-1336-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-012-1336-y

Keywords

Navigation