Abstract
In Yang et al.’s literatures (J. Phys. A: Math. 42, 055305, 2009; J. Phys. A: Math. 43, 209801, 2010), a quantum private comparison protocol based on Bell states and hash function is proposed, which aims to securely compare the equality of two participants’ information with the help of a dishonest third party (TP). However, this study will point out their protocol cannot resist a special kind of attack, TP’s same initial states attack, which is presented in this paper. That is, the dishonest TP can disturb the comparison result without being detected through preparing the same initial states. Finally, a simple improvement is given to avoid the attack.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G.: Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, Bangalore, India, December 10–12 1984, pp. 175–179. IEEE Press, New York (1984)
Yang, Y.G., Wen, Q.Y., Zhu, F.C.: An efficient two-step quantum key distribution protocol with orthogonal product states. Chin. Phys. 16(4), 910–914 (2007). doi:10.1088/1009-1963/16/4/007
Hillery, M., Buzek, V., Berthiaume, A.: Quantum secret sharing. Phys. Rev. A 59(3), 1829–1834 (1999). doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.59.1829
Xu, J., Chen, H.W., Liu, W.J., Liu, Z.H.: Selection of unitary operations in quantum secret sharing without entanglement. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 54(9), 1837–1842 (2011). doi:10.1007/s11432-011-4240-9
Deng, F.G., Long, G.L., Liu, X.S.: Two-step quantum direct communication protocol using the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair block. Phys. Rev. A 68(4), 042315 (2003). doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.68.042317
Liu, W.J., Chen, H.W., Ma, T.H., Li, Z.Q., Liu, Z.H., Hu, W.B.: An efficient deterministic secure quantum communication scheme based on cluster states and identity authentication. Chin. Phys. B 18(10), 4105–4109 (2009). doi:10.1088/1674-1056/18/10/007
Liu, Z.H., Chen, H.W., Liu, W.J., Xu, J., Li, Z.Q.: Deterministic secure quantum communication without unitary operation based on high-dimensional entanglement swapping. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 55(2), 360–367 (2012). doi:10.1007/s11432-011-4371-z
Bouwmeester, D., Pan, J.W., Mattle, K., Eibl, M., Weinfurter, H., Zeilinger, A.: Experimental quantum teleportation. Nature 390(6660), 575–579 (1997). doi:10.1038/37539
Furusawa, A., Sorensen, J.L., Braunstein, S.L., Fuchs, C.A., Kimble, H.J., Polzik, E.S.: Unconditional quantum teleportation. Science 282(5389), 706–709 (1998). doi:10.1126/science.282.5389.706
Yang, Y.G., Wen, Q.Y.: An efficient two-party quantum private comparison protocol with decoy photons and two-photon entanglement. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42(5), 055305 (2009). doi:10.1088/1751-8113/42/5/055305
Chen, X.B., Xu, G., Niu, X.X., Wen, Q.Y., Yang, Y.X.: An efficient protocol for the private comparison of equal information based on the triplet entangled state and single-particle measurement. Opt. Commun. 283(7), 1561–1565 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2009.11.085
Liu, W., Wang, Y.B., Cui, W.: Quantum private comparison protocol based on bell entangled states. Commun. Theor. Phys. 57(4), 583–588 (2012). doi:10.1088/0253-6102/57/4/11
Sun, Z.W., Long, D.Y.: Quantum private comparison protocol based on cluster states. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52(1), 212–218 (2013). doi:10.1007/s10773-012-1321-5
Jia, H.Y., Wen, Q.Y., Li, Y.B., Gao, F.: Quantum private comparison using genuine four-particle entangled states. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51(4), 1187–1194 (2012). doi:10.1007/s10773-011-0994-5
Liu, W., Wang, Y.B.: Quantum private comparison based on GHZ entangled states. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51(11), 3596–3604 (2012). doi:10.1007/s10773-012-1246-z
Liu, W., Wang, Y.B., Jiang, Z.T., Cao, Y.Z.: A protocol for the quantum private comparison of equality with chi-type state. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51(1), 69–77 (2012). doi:10.1007/s10773-011-0878-8
Liu, W., Wang, Y.B., Jiang, Z.T., Cao, Y.Z., Cui, W.: New quantum private comparison protocol using X-type state. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51(6), 1953–1960 (2012). doi:10.1007/s10773-011-1073-7
Tseng, H.Y., Lin, J., Hwang, T.: New quantum private comparison protocol using EPR pairs. Quantum Inf. Process. 11(2), 373–384 (2012). doi:10.1007/s11128-011-0251-0
Liu, B., Gao, F., Jia, H.Y., Huang, W., Zhang, W.W., Wen, Q.Y.: Efficient quantum private comparison employing single photons and collective detection. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(2), 887–897 (2013). doi:10.1007/s11128-012-0439-y
Jia, H.Y., Wen, Q.Y., Song, T.T., Gao, F.: Quantum protocol for millionaire problem. Opt. Commun. 284(1), 545–549 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2010.09.005
Zhang, W.W., Li, D., Zhang, K.J., Zuo, H.J.: A quantum protocol for millionaire problem with Bell states. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(6), 2241–2249 (2013). doi:10.1007/s11128-012-0520-6
Vaccaro, J.A., Spring, J., Chefles, A.: Quantum protocols for anonymous voting and surveying. Phys. Rev. A 75(1), 012333 (2007). doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.75.012333
Jiang, L., He, G.Q., Nie, D., Xiong, J., Zeng, G.H.: Quantum anonymous voting for continuous variables. Phys. Rev. A 85(4), 042309 (2012). doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.85.042309
Hogg, T., Harsha, P., Chen, K.Y.: Quantum auctions. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 5(5), 751–780 (2007). doi:10.1142/s0219749907003183
He, L.B., Huang, L.S., Yang, W., Xu, R., Han, D.Q.: Cryptanalysis and melioration of secure quantum sealed-bid auction with post-confirmation. Quantum Inf. Process. 11(6), 1359–1369 (2012). doi:10.1007/s11128-011-0275-5
Yang, Y.G., Wen, Q.Y.: An efficient two-party quantum private comparison protocol with decoy photons and two-photon entanglement. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43(20), 209801 (2010). 42, 055305 (2009). doi: 10.1088/1751-8121/43/20/209801
Bennett, C.H., Wiesner, S.J.: Communication via one- and two-particle operators on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69(20), 2881–2884 (1992). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2881
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, WJ., Liu, C., Liu, ZH. et al. Same Initial States Attack in Yang et al.’s Quantum Private Comparison Protocol and the Improvement. Int J Theor Phys 53, 271–276 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-013-1807-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-013-1807-9