Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The fate of organic nitrogen in photocatalysis: an overview

  • Reviews in Applied Electrochemistry Number 59
  • Published:
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Photocatalytic processes taking place on TiO2 have been widely employed and investigated. However, nitrogen-containing substances have not received the same attention as other substrates. Mineralization of such compounds is expected to lead to the formation of N2 gas, ammonium and/or nitrate ions through photooxidative and/or photoreductive pathways. Herein, we will focus the attention on how the chemical structure may influence both the ratio and the extent of formation of the inorganic nitrogen. This review will consider heteroaromatic compounds, containing two or three-nitrogen in the ring, and small molecules, that could be formed as intermediate during the degradation of more complex substrates (i.e. pesticides), such as amino-alcohols, and molecules containing amide groups and nitriles. The fate final of the nitrogen in all these structures has been rationalized on the basis of the nature of N–N and C–N bonds in which the organic nitrogen is involved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D.W. Bahnemann, J. Cunningam, M.A. Fox, M.A. Pelizzetti, P. Pichat and N. Serpone, in: 1993 G.R. Helz, R.G. Zepp and D.G. Crosby (Eds.), Surface and Aquatic Photochemistry (Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, 1993), pp. 261--316

  2. C. Minero G. Mariella V. Maurino E. Pelizzetti (2000) Langmuir 16 IssueID6 2632–2641 Occurrence Handle10.1021/la9903301 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltVyktA%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. M.A. Fox M.T. Dulay (1993) Chem. Rev 93 341–357 Occurrence Handle10.1021/cr00017a016 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmvFOnsw%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M.R. Hoffmann S.T. Martin W. Choi D.W. Bahnemann (1995) Chem. Rev 95 69–96 Occurrence Handle10.1021/cr00033a004 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjtF2qur4%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. S.Y. Panshin D.S. Carter E.R. Bayless (2000) Environ. Sci. Technol 34 2131–2137 Occurrence Handle10.1021/es990772z Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXivVWhsL4%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. P. Calza E. Pelizzetti M. Brussino C. Baiocchi (2001) J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom 12 1286–1295 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1044-0305(01)00319-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovFKhu7k%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. P. Calza C. Medana M. Pazzi C. Baiocchi E. Pelizzetti (2004) J. Pharmaceutical Biomed. Anal 35 9–19 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXitFeisr0%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. E. Pelizzetti C. Minero (1999) Colloids Surfaces A 151 321–327 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0927-7757(98)00580-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhvV2nsb8%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Nohora H. Hidaka E. Pelizzetti N. Serpone (1997) J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem 102 IssueID2–3 265–272

    Google Scholar 

  10. K. Waki X. LWang K. Nohara H. Hidaka (1995) J. Molec. Catal. A-Chem 95 IssueID1 53–59 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjt1WjtLs%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. G.K.C. Low S.R. McEvoy R.W. Matthews (1991) Environ. Sci. Technol 25 460–467 Occurrence Handle10.1021/es00015a013 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXovVansg%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. C. Maillard-Dupuy C. Guillard P. Pichat (1994) New J. Chem 18 941–948 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmtFamsb4%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. R. Terzian N. Serpone C. Minero E. Pelizzetti (1991) J. Catal 128 352–365 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(91)90294-E Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhslCktbk%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. E. Pelizzetti C. Minero V. Maurino (1990) Adv. Colloid Interface Sci 21 271–316

    Google Scholar 

  15. S. Horikoshi H. Hidaka (2001) J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem 141 201–207 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00447-6 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkt1KnsL4%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. V. Maurino C. Minero E. Pelizzetti P. Piccinini N. Serpone H. Hidaka (1997) J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem 109 IssueID2 171–176 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1010-6030(97)00124-X Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlvVKrurw%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. E. Pelizzetti C. Minero P. Piccinini M. Vincenti (1993) Coord. Chem. Rev 125 183–194 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0010-8545(93)85017-X Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXksFGhtLw%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. P. Piccinini C. Minero M. Vincenti E. Pelizzetti (1997) Catal. Today 39 187–195 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(97)00100-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnsFemurk%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. P. Piccinini C. Minero V. Maurino M. Vincenti E. Pelizzetti (1997) J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans 93 1993–2000 Occurrence Handle10.1039/a607883d Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjvVOgu78%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. C. Minero E. Pelizzetti P. Piccinini M. Vincenti (1994) Chemosphere 28 1229–1244 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0045-6535(94)90340-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXkt1ahsb4%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. E. Pramauro A. Bianco Prevot V. Augugliaro L. Palmisano (1995) Analyst 120 237–242 Occurrence Handle10.1039/an9952000237 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjvFersLY%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. D.C. Schmelling K.A. Gray P.V. Kamat (1996) Environ. Sci. Technol 30 2547–2555 Occurrence Handle10.1021/es950896l Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjslOis7w%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. K. Nohara H. Hidaka E. Pelizzetti N. Serpone (1996) Catal. Lett 36 115–118 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00807215 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xnt1Wisw%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. E. Pelizzetti V. Maurino V. Minero V. Carlin O. Zerbinati M.L. Tosato (1990) Environ. Sci. Technol 24 IssueID10 1559–1565 Occurrence Handle10.1021/es00080a016 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXltlyht7s%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. P. Calza, C. Medana, M. Pazzi, C. Baiocchi, E. Pelizzetti, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., in press

  26. P. Calza, C. Medana, C. Baiocchi, E. Pelizzetti, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., in press.

  27. C. Guillard S. Horikoshi N. Watanabe H. Hidaka P. Pichat (2002) J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem 149 155–168 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00653-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XksFaksbc%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. K. Waki J. Zhao S. Horikoshi N. Watanabe H. Hidaka (2000) Chemosphere 41 337–343 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00500-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXivFKmsb4%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. M. Klare J. Scheen K. Vogelsang H. Jacobs J.A.C. Broekaert (2000) Chemosphere 41 353–362 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00447-6 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXivFKmsbw%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Horikoshi N. Watanabe M. Mukae H. Hidaka N. Serpone (2001) New. J. Chem 25 999–1005 Occurrence Handle10.1039/b102186i Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsVSjtLk%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. N. Serpone, P. Calza, A. Salinaro, L. Cai, A. Emeline, H. Hidaka, S. Horikoshi, E. Pelizzetti, Proc. 1997 Joint Int. Meeting of 192-rd Electrochemical. Soc. And 48th Int. Soc. Electrochemistry, 31/8-5/9 1997, Paris.

  32. E. Pelizzetti, P. Calza, G. Mariella, V. Maurino, C. Minero, H. Hidaka, Chem. Comm, in press

  33. P. Calza C. Minero E. Pelizzetti (1997) Environ Sci. Technol 31 2198–2203 Occurrence Handle10.1021/es960660x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjvFCisbc%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. C. Maillard-Dupuy C. Guillard H. Courbon P. Pichat (1994) Environ. Sci. Technol 28 IssueID12 2176–2183 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmtFagtro%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. P. Pichat (1997) Wat. Sci. Tech 35 73–78 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXitFyktbk%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. L. Cermenati P. Pichat C. Guillard A. Albini (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B 101 IssueID14 2650–2658 Occurrence Handle10.1021/jp962700p Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXisVCjsrw%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. L. Cermenati A. Albini P. Pichat C. Guillard (2000) Res. Chem. Interm 26 IssueID3 221–234 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitFKqsrw%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. I. Poulios M. Kositzi A. Kouras (1998) J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem 115 175–183 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1010-6030(98)00259-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtlOktLw%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. C. Guillard H. Lachheb A. Houas M. Ksibi E. Elaloui J.M. Herrmann (2003) J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem 158 27–36 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1010-6030(03)00016-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjtVenurY%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. H. Lachheb E. Puzenat A. Houas M. Ksibi E. Elaloui C. Guillard J.M. Herrmann (2002) Appl. Catal. B: Environ 39 IssueID1 75–90 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00078-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xms1ygu7Y%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. S.N. Frank A.J. Bard (1977) J. Am. Chem. Soc 99 303–304 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXotFGrtQ%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. V. Augugliaro J. Blanco Galvez J. Caceres Vasquez E. Garcia Lopez V. Loddo M.J. Lopez Muñoz S. Malato Rodriguez G. Marcì L. Palmisano M. Schiavello (1999) J. Soria Ruiz, Catal. Today 54 245–253 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnvVWjtb0%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. N.N. Lichtin M. Avudaithai (1996) Environ. Sci. Technol 30 2014–2020 Occurrence Handle10.1021/es950816d Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XisFansb8%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. V. Augugliaro A.B. Prevot J.C. Vazquez E. Garcia Lopez A. Irico V. Loddo S. Malato Rodriguez G. Marcì L. Palmisano E. Pramauro (2004) ADV. Environ. Res 8 329–335 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00106-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFSqu7g%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy

    P. Calza, E. Pelizzetti & C. Minero

Authors
  1. P. Calza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. Pelizzetti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Minero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Minero.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Calza, P., Pelizzetti, E. & Minero, C. The fate of organic nitrogen in photocatalysis: an overview. J Appl Electrochem 35, 665–673 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-005-1626-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-005-1626-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation