Abstract
Spinel-type Cr-doped LiCr y Mn2 − y O4 (y = 0, 0.1, 0.2) electrode materials were prepared via a sol–gel route starting with lithium acetate, manganese acetate and chromium nitrate as raw materials and citric acid as chelating agent. The phase structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Electrochemical performances of the LiCr y Mn2 − y O4 electrodes in 5 M LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance and galvanostatic charge/discharge methods. Electrochemical results showed that Cr-doping could markedly improve the high-rate charge/discharge cyclability of the LiMn2O4 electrode in 5 M LiNO3 aqueous solution.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Li W, Dahn JR, Wainwright DS (1994) Science 264:1115
Wang GX, Zhong S, Bradhurst DH, Dou SX, Liu HK (1998) J Power Sour 74:198
Luo JY, Xia YY (2007) Adv Funct Mater 17:3877
Wang GJ, Zhao NH, Yang LC, Wu YP, Wu HQ, Holze R (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:4911
Wang HB, Zeng YQ, Huang KL, Liu SQ, Chen LQ (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:5102
Liu XH, Saito T, Doi T, Okada S, Yamaki J (2009) J Power Sour 189:706
Li NC, Patrissi CJ, Che GL, Martin CR (2000) J Electrochem Soc 147:2044
Eftekhari A (2001) Electrochim Acta 47:495
Jayalakshmi M, Mohan Rao M, Scholz F (2003) Langmuir 19:8403
Lee JW, Su-Il P (2004) Electrochim Acta 49:753
Nakayama N, Nozawa T, Iriyama Y, Abe T, Ogumi Z, Kikuchi K (2007) J Power Sour 174:695
Cvjeticanin N, Stojkovic I, Mitric M, Mentus S (2007) J Power Sour 174:1117
Tonti D, Torralvo MJ, Enciso E, Sobrados I, Sanz J (2008) Chem Mater 20:4783
He P, Luo JY, He JX, Xia YY (2009) J Electrochem Soc 156:A209
Katakura K, Wada K, Kajiki Y, Yamamoto A, Ogumi Z (2009) J Power Sour 189:240
Chen SY, Mi CH, Su LH, Gao B, Fu QB, Zhang XG (2009) J Appl Electrochem 39:1943
Tian L, Yuan AB (2009) J Power Sour 192:693
Nieto S, Majumder SB, Katiyar RS (2004) J Power Sour 136:88
Kakuda T, Uematsu K, Toda K, Sato M (2007) J Power Sour 167:499
Liu RS, Shen CH (2003) Solid State Ion 157:95
Thirunakaran R, Kim KT, Kang YM, Seo CY, Young-Lee J (2004) J Power Sour 137:100
Wang XQ, Tanaike O, Kodama M, Hatori H (2007) J Power Sour 168:282
Hwang BJ, Tsai YW, Santhanam R, Hu SK, Sheu HS (2003) J Power Sour 119–121:727
Pascual L, Gadjov H, Kovacheva D, Petrov K, Herrero P, Amarilla JM, Rojas RM, Rojo JM (2005) J Electrochem Soc 152:A301
Hwang SJ, Park DH, Choy JH, Campet G (2004) J Phys Chem B 108:12713
Taniguchi I (2005) Ind Eng Chem Res 44:6560
Singh G, Panwar A, Sil A, Ghosh S (2009) Ceram Silik 53:260
Zhang D, Popov BN, White RE (1998) J Power Sour 76:81
Zeng RH, Li WS, Lu DS, Huang QM (2007) J Power Sour 174:592
de Levie R (1963) Electrochim Acta 8:751
Lu DS, Li WS, Zuo XX, Yuan ZZ, Huang QM (2007) J Phys Chem C 111:12067
Shen PZ, Huang YD, Liu L, Jia DZ, Guo ZP (2006) J Solid State Electrochem 10:929
Todorov YM, Hideshima Y, Noguchi H, Yoshio M (1999) J Power Sour 77:198
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Project Number: J50102). Center of Instrumental Analysis and Test of Shanghai University is gratefully acknowledged for XRD, SEM and TEM experiments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, W., Yuan, A., Tian, L. et al. Improved high-rate cyclability of sol–gel derived Cr-doped spinel LiCr y Mn2 − y O4 in an aqueous electrolyte. J Appl Electrochem 41, 453–460 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0255-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0255-6