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Electrochemical detection and removal of lead in water using poly(propylene imine) modified re-compressed exfoliated graphite electrodes

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Abstract

Modification of exfoliated graphite (EG) electrode with generation 2 poly(propylene imine) dendrimer by electrodeposition resulted in an electrochemical sensor which was used to detect lead ions in water to a limit of 1 ppb and a linear response between 2.5 and 40 ppb using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW-ASV). Pb(II) was also removed from spiked water sample using a 40-mm diameter unmodified EG electrode with an applied potential of −1,000 mV for 180 min. A removal efficiency of 99% was calculated from a 150 mL sample. The results obtained in both cases using SW-ASV, correlated with atomic absorption spectroscopy.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the University of Johannesburg, Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Research Foundation and Council for Scientific and Industrial Research for funding this project. The support of the Indian Institute of Science is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa

    Thabile Ndlovu, Omotayo A. Arotiba, Rui W. Krause & Bhekie B. Mamba

  2. Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India

    Srinivasan Sampath

Authors
  1. Thabile Ndlovu
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  2. Omotayo A. Arotiba
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  3. Srinivasan Sampath
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  4. Rui W. Krause
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  5. Bhekie B. Mamba
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Correspondence to Omotayo A. Arotiba.

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Ndlovu, T., Arotiba, O.A., Sampath, S. et al. Electrochemical detection and removal of lead in water using poly(propylene imine) modified re-compressed exfoliated graphite electrodes. J Appl Electrochem 41, 1389–1396 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0360-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0360-6

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