Abstract
On \(F={\mathbb {F}}_{2^{n}}\) (\(n\ge 3\)), the power APN function \(f_{d}\) with exponent d is CCZ-equivalent to the power APN function \(f_{e}\) with exponent e if and only if there is an integer a with \(0\le a\le n-1\) such that either (A) \(e\equiv d 2^{a}\) mod \(2^{n}-1\) or (B) \(de\equiv 2^{a}\) mod \(2^{n}-1\), where case (B) occurs only when n is odd (Theorem 1). A quadratic APN function f is CCZ-equivalent to a power APN function if and only if f is EA-equivalent to one of the Gold functions (Theorem 2). Using Theorem 1, a complete answer is given for the question exactly when two known power APN functions are CCZ-equivalent (Proposition 2). The key result to establish Theorem 1 is the conjugacy of some cyclic subgroups in the automorphism group of a power APN function (Corollary 3). Theorem 2 characterizes the Gold functions as unique quadratic APN functions which are CCZ-equivalent to power functions.
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This paper is dedicated to Professor Hiramine, who passed away on January, 2016.
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Yoshiara, S. Equivalences of power APN functions with power or quadratic APN functions. J Algebr Comb 44, 561–585 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10801-016-0680-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10801-016-0680-z
Keywords
- Almost perfect nonlinear (APN) function
- Carlet–Charpin–Zinoviev (CCZ) equivalence
- Extended affine (EA) equivalence
- Quadratic APN function
- Power APN function
- Dimensional dual hyperoval (DHO)