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The Transition to the Acheulean in East Africa: an Assessment of Paradigms and Evidence from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)

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Abstract

The origin of the Acheulean constitutes a key aspect of current research in the archaeology of human evolution. Olduvai Gorge is one of the main sites in Africa in the study of the transition from the Oldowan to the Acheulean, due to both the uniqueness of its archaeological record, and the influence of early investigations at Olduvai on the development of Early Stone Age research. This paper reviews the impact of work at Olduvai in shaping a modern view of cultural evolution from the Oldowan to the Acheulean. It also evaluates the lithic assemblages excavated by Mary Leakey in Olduvai Middle and Upper Bed II, based on a first-hand review of the collections. We conclude that previous paradigms used to explain inter-assemblage variability are not superseded as much as generally assumed, and that a modern view of the origins of the Acheulean requires a reassessment of the cultural, biological, and paleoecological evidence at Olduvai and elsewhere in Africa.

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Acknowledgments

Current research in Olduvai by OGAP (Olduvai Geochronology Archaeology Project) is authorized by the Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) and the Department of Antiquities, Tanzania. Funding by the NSF (BCS-0852292), British Academy (IP090186), and the European Research Council-Starting Grants (283366), is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, WC1H-0PY, London, UK

    Ignacio de la Torre

  2. Centre d’Estudis del Patrimoni Arqueologic de la Prehistoria. Facultat de Lletres, UniversitatAutonoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain

    Rafael Mora

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de la Torre, I., Mora, R. The Transition to the Acheulean in East Africa: an Assessment of Paradigms and Evidence from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). J Archaeol Method Theory 21, 781–823 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-013-9176-5

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