nach oben

Journal of International Entrepreneurship

Erschienen in:

01.03.2013

Export barriers and path to internationalization: A comparison of conventional enterprises and international new ventures

verfasst von: Eldrede Tinashe Kahiya

Erschienen in: Journal of International Entrepreneurship | Ausgabe 1/2013

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Twenty years after the seminal work on rapid and early internationalization, export barrier research remains detached from this path of internationalization. Thus far, export research has largely disregarded the relationship between path to internationalization and the influence of export constraints. This paper opens a new thoroughfare of inquiry by distinguishing international new ventures from conventional enterprises on the basis of the export barrier construct. Using a sample of 129 small multinational enterprises, our logistic regression model separates international new ventures from conventional enterprises, with accuracy approaching 80 % on the basis of eight underlying export barrier factors. Our results convey two dynamic implications: In the realm of export research, we demonstrate that export barriers can indeed predict the path to internationalization. Thus, gradual internationalization is induced by skill and knowledge shortages, while rapid internationalization ensues from positive managerial orientation and lack of confidence in the host market. From a policymaking perspective, this study provides a basis for predicting the international new venture-to-conventional enterprise ratio within the population as well as an instructive basis for needs-based targeting of incentives.

Vorheriger Artikel Editorial note

Nächster Artikel Engaging diasporas as international entrepreneurs in developing countries: In search of determinants

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Acedo FJ, Galán JL (2011) Export stimuli revisited: the influence of the characteristics of managerial decision makers on international behavior. Int Small Bus J 29(6):648–670CrossRef

Ahmed ZU, Julian CC, Mahajar AJ (2008) Export barriers and firm internationalization from an emerging market perspective. J Asia Bus Stud 3(1):33–41CrossRef

Alexandrides GC (1971) How the major obstacles to exporting can be overcome. Atl Econ Rev (May):12–15

Altıntaş MH, Tokol T, Harcar T (2007) The effects of export barriers on perceived export performance: an empirical research on SMES in Turkey. EuroMed J Bus 2(1):36–56CrossRef

Andersson S, Floren H (2011) Differences in managerial behavior between small international and non-international firms. J Int Entrep 9:233–258CrossRef

Armstrong JS, Overton TS (1977) Estimating non-response bias in mail surveys. J Mark Res 14:396–402CrossRef

Arteaga-Ortiz J, Fernandez-Ortiz R (2010) Why don’t we use the same export barrier measurement scale? An empirical analysis in small and medium-sized enterprises. J Small Bus Manag 48(3):395–420CrossRef

Baker G (2009) Ready … set … GLOBAL! NZ Bus 23(11):16–17

Barnes BL, Chakrabarti R, Palihawadana D (2006) Investigating the export marketing activity of SMEs operating in international healthcare markets. J Med Mark 6(3):209–221CrossRef

Bell J (1997) A comparative study of the export problems of small computer software exporters in Finland, Ireland and Norway. Int Bus Rev 6(6):585–604CrossRef

Bell J, McNaughton R, Young S (2001) Born-again global firms: an extension to the born global phenomenon. J Int Manag 7:173–189CrossRef

Bennett R (1997) Export marketing and the Internet experiences of website use and perceptions of export barriers among UK businesses. Int Mark Rev 14(5):1–11CrossRef

Benito GRG, Welch LS (1997) De-internationalization. Manag Int Rev 37(2):7–25

Bilkey WJ (1978) An attempted integration of the literature on the export behavior of firms. J Int Bus Stud 9(1):33–46CrossRef

Bloodgood JN (2006) Venture adolescence: internationalization and performance implications of maturation. Int J Entrep Behav Res 12(2):67–85CrossRef

Bradley N (2007) Marketing research: Tools and techniques. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Campbell AJ (1996) The effects of internal firm barriers on the export behavior of small firms in free trade environment. J Small Bus Manag 34(3):50–58

Campbell-Hunt C, Brocklesby J, Chetty S, Corbett L, Davenport S, Jones D, Walsh P (2001) World famous in New Zealand: How New Zealand’s leading firms became world-class competitors. Auckland University Press, Wellington

Chetty SK (2003) Explosive international growth and problems of success amongst small to medium-sized firms. Int Small Bus J 21(1):5–27CrossRef

Coviello NE (2006) The network dynamics of international new ventures. J Int Bus Stud 37:713–731

Crick D (2002) The decision to discontinue exporting: SMEs in two U.K. trade sectors. J Small Bus Manag 40(1):66–77CrossRef

Crick D (2009) The internationalization of born global and international new venture SMEs. Int Mark Rev 26(4):453–476CrossRef

Crick D, Chaudhry S (1997) Small business’ motives for exporting. J Mark Pract Appl Mark Sci 3:156–170CrossRef

Crick D, Al Obaidi M, Chaudhry S (1998) Perceived obstacles of Saudi Arabian exporters of non-oil products. J Mark Pract 4(7):187–199CrossRef

Czinkota MR, Ronkainen IA, Donath B (2004) Mastering global markets: Strategies for today’s trade globalist. Thomson South-Western, Mason

Dana LP, Chan T, Chia D (2008) Micro-internationalization without support: the case of Angus exports. Entrep Innov 9(1):5–10CrossRef

Daniels JD, Radebaugh LH, Sullivan DP (2009) International business: Environments and operations, 12th edn. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey

Da Silva PA, Da Rocha A (2001) Perception of export barriers to Mercosur by Brazilian firms. Int Mark Rev 18(6):589–609CrossRef

Da Rocha A, Freitas Y, Da Silva J (2008) Do perceived barriers change over time? A longitudinal study of Brazilian exporters of manufactured goods. Latin Am Bus Rev 9(1):102–108CrossRef

Dean DL, Mengüç B, Myers CP (2000) Revisiting firm characteristics, strategy, and export performance relationship: a survey of the literature and an investigation of New Zealand small manufacturing firms. Ind Mark Manag 29(5):461–477CrossRef

Doern R (2009) Investigating barriers to SME growth and development in transition environments: a critique and suggestions for developing the methodology. Int Small Bus J 27(3):275–305CrossRef

Doty DH, Glick WH (1998) Common methods bias: does common methods variance really bias results? Organ Res Methods 1:374–406CrossRef

Enderwick P, Ronayne E (2004) Reconciling entrepreneurship and organizational structure in international operations: evidence from New Zealand specialist food exporters. J Asia Pac Mark 3(2):53–68

Eshghi A (1992) Attitude–behavior inconsistency in exporting. Int Mark Rev 9(3):40–61CrossRef

Etemad H (2004) Internationalization of small and medium enterprises: a grounded theoretical framework and an overview. Canadian J Adm Sci 21(1):1–21CrossRef

Etemad H, Wilkinson I, Dana LP (2010) Internetization as the necessary condition for internationalization in the newly emerging economy. J Int Entrep 8(4):319–342CrossRef

Fillis I (2002) Barriers to internationalization: an investigation of the craft microenterprise. Eur J Mark 36(7/8):912–927CrossRef

Fillis I, Lee B (2011) Internationalization of Irish performing arts: a case study analysis. Eur J Mark 45(5):822–846CrossRef

Francis J, Collins-Dodd (2000) The impact of a firm’s export orientation on the export performance of high-tech SMEs. J Int Mark 8(3):84–103CrossRef

Gabrielsson M, Sasi V, Darling J (2004) Finance strategies of rapidly growing Finnish SMEs: born internationals and born globals. Eur Bus Rev 16(6):590–604CrossRef

Hair JF, Black B, Babin B, Anderson RE, Tatham RL (2006) Multivariate data analysis, 6th edn. Prentice Hall, USA

Hannan MT, Freeman J (1984) Structural inertia and organization change. Am Sociol Rev 49:149–164CrossRef

Harman HH (1976) Modern factor analysis, 3rd edn. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Harveston PD, Kedia BL, Davis PS (2000) Internationalization of born-global and gradual globalizing firms: the impact of the manager. Adv Compet Res 8(1):92–99

Hornby G, Goulding P, Poon S (2002) Perceptions of export barriers and cultural issues: the SME e-commerce experience. J Electron Commer Res 3(4):213–226

Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (2000) Applied logistic regression. Wiley, New YorkCrossRef

Hutchinson K, Fleck E, Lloyd-Reason L (2009) An investigation into the initial barriers to internationalization: evidence from small UK retailers. J Small Bus Enterp Dev 16(4):544–568CrossRef

Jensen K, Davis G (1998) An analysis of export market strategies and barriers perceptions by U.S. agricultural HVP exporters. Int Food Agribusiness Manag Rev 1(4):509–524CrossRef

Johanson J, Mattson L-G (1988) Internationalization in industrial systems: A network approach. In: Hood N, Vahlne J-E (eds) Strategies in global competition. Croom Helm, New York, pp 303–321

Johanson J, Vahlne JE (2009) The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: from liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership. J Int Bus Stud 40:1–21CrossRef

Julian CC, Ahmed ZU (2005) The impact of barriers to export on export marketing performance. J Global Mark 19(1):71–94CrossRef

Karagozoglu N, Lindell M (1998) Internationalization of small and medium-sized technology-based firms: an exploratory study. J Small Bus Manag 36(1):44–59

Katsikeas CS, Morgan RE (1994) Differences in perceptions of exporting problems based upon firm size and export experience. Eur J Mark 28(5):17–35CrossRef

Knight GA, Cavusgil ST (1996) The born global firm: a challenge to traditional internationalization theory. Adv Int Mark 8:11–26

Knight GA, Cavusgil ST (2004) Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm. J Int Bus Stud 35(2):124–141CrossRef

Knight GA, Madsen TK, Servais P (2004) An inquiry into born global firms in Europe and the USA. Int Mark Rev 21(6):645–655CrossRef

Köksal MH, Kettaneh T (2011) Export problems experienced by high and low performing manufacturing companies: a comparative study. Asia Pac J Mark Logist 23(1):108–126CrossRef

Korneliussen T, Blasius J (2008) The effects of cultural distance, Free Trade Agreements, and protectionism on perceived export barriers. J Global Mark 21(3):217–229CrossRef

Korth CM (1991) Managerial barriers to U.S. exports. Bus Horiz (March/April):18–26

Kwon Y-C, Hu MY (1996) Comparative analysis of export-oriented and foreign production-oriented firms’ foreign market entry decisions: a reply. Manag Int Rev 36(4):371–379

Leonidou LC (1995) Export barriers: non exporters’ perception. Int Mark Rev 12(1):5–35CrossRef

Leonidou LC (2000) Barriers to export management: an organizational and internationalization analysis. J Int Manag 6(2):121–148CrossRef

Leonidou LC (2004) An analysis of the barriers hindering small export development. J Small Bus Manag 42(3):279–303CrossRef

Leonidou LC, Katsikeas CS (1996) The export development process: an integrative review of empirical models. J Int Bus Stud 27(3):517–551CrossRef

Lopez NV (2007) Export barriers and strategic grouping. J Global Mark 20(2/3):17–29CrossRef

Madsen TK (2012) Early and rapidly internationalizing ventures: similarities and differences between classifications based on the original international new venture and born global literatures. J Int Entrepren. doi:10.1007/s10843-012-0099-0

Mavrogiannis M, Bourlakis MA, Dawson PJ, Ness MR (2008) Assessing export performance in the Greek food and beverage industry: an integrated structural equation approach. Br Food J 110(7):638–654CrossRef

McDougall P, Oviatt B, Shrader R (2003) A comparison of international and domestic new ventures. J Int Entrep 1:59–82CrossRef

McNaughton RB (2003) The number of export markets that a firm serves: process models versus the born-global phenomenon. J Int Entrep 1(3):297–311CrossRef

Milanzi MA (2012) The impact of barriers on export behavior of a developing country firms: evidence from Tanzania. Int J Bus Manag 7(3):10–21

Moini AH (1995) An enquiry into successful exporting: an empirical investigation using a three-stage model. J Small Bus Manag 33(3):9–25

Moen O (2002) The born globals: a new generation of small European exporters. Int Mark Rev 19(2):156–175CrossRef

Morgan RE, Katsikeas CS (1998) Exporting problems of industrial manufacturers. Ind Mark Manag 27:161–176CrossRef

Morrish SC, Deacon JH (2011) A tale of two spirits: entrepreneurial marketing at 42Below vodka and Penderyn whisky. J Small Bus Entrep 24(1):113–124

Naidu GM, Rao TR (1993) Public sector promotion of exports: a needs-based approach. J Bus Res 27:85–101CrossRef

Neupert KE, Baughn CC, Dao TTL (2006) SME exporting challenges in transitional and developed economies. J Small Bus Enterp Dev 13(4):535–545CrossRef

Oviatt BM, McDougall PP (1994) Toward a theory of international new ventures. J Int Bus Stud 25(1):45–64CrossRef

Patterson PG (2004) A study of perceptions regarding service firms’ attitudes towards exporting. Australas Mark J 12(2):19–38CrossRef

Pavord WC, Bogart R (1975) The dynamics of the decision to export. Akron Bus Econ Rev 30:6–11

Peel MJ, Eckhart H (1996) Language and export barriers in the manufacturing sector. Manag Res News 19(3):52–61CrossRef

Peiris IK, Akoorie MEM, Sinha P (2012) International entrepreneurship: a critical analysis of studies in the past two decades and future directions for research. J Int Entrep 10(4):279–324CrossRef

Pinho JC, Martins L (2010) Exporting barriers: insights from Portuguese small-and-medium sized exporters and non-exporters. J Int Entrep 8:254–272CrossRef

Ramaseshan B, Soutar GN (1996) Combined effects of incentives and barriers on firms’ export decisions. Int Bus Rev 5(1):53–65CrossRef

Ripollés M, Blesa A, Monferrer D (2012) Factors enhancing the choice of higher resource commitment entry modes in international new ventures. Int Bus Rev 21:648–666CrossRef

Sakakibara M, Porter ME (2001) Competing at home to win abroad: evidence from Japanese industry. Rev Econ Stat 83(2):310–322CrossRef

Shaw V, Darroch J (2004) Barriers to internationalization: a study of entrepreneurial new ventures in New Zealand. J Int Entrep 2:327–343CrossRef

Shoham A, Albaum GS (1995) Reducing the impact of barriers to exporting: a managerial perspective. J Int Mark 3(4):85–105

Shrader RC, Oviatt BM, McDougall PP (2000) How new ventures exploit trade-offs among international risk factors: lessons from accelerated internationalization of the 21st century. Acad Manag J 43(6):1227–1247CrossRef

Siliverstovs B, Herzer D (2006) Export-led growth hypothesis: evidence from Chile. Appl Econ Lett 13(5):319–324CrossRef

Simmons G (2002) Growing pains: New Zealand qualitative evidence on hurdles to exporting growth. New Zealand Treasury. Working Paper 02(10):1–35

Spence M, Crick D (2009) An exploratory study of Canadian international new venture firm’s development in overseas markets. Qual Mark Res 12(2):208–233CrossRef

Suarez-Ortega S (2003) Export barriers: insights from small and medium-sized firms. Int Small Bus J 21(4):403–420CrossRef

Tesar G, Moini AH (1998) Longitudinal study of exporters and non-exporters: a focus on smaller manufacturing enterprises. Int Bus Rev 7:291–313CrossRef

Tesfom G, Lutz C (2006) A classification of export marketing problems of small and medium sized manufacturing firms in developing countries. Int J Emerg Mark 1(3): 262–281

Welch CL, Welch LS (2004) Broadening the concept of international entrepreneurship: internationalization, networks and politics. J Int Entrep 2(3):217–237CrossRef

Welch CL, Welch DE, Hewerdine L (2008) Gender and export behavior: evidence from women-owned enterprises. J Bus Ethics 83:113–126CrossRef

Yannopoulos P, Kefalaki M (2010) Export barriers facing Canadian SMEs: the role of mental models. J Bus Policy Res 5(2):54–68

Zahra SA, Korri JS, Yu J (2005) Cognition and international entrepreneurship: implications for research on international opportunity recognition and exploitation. Int Bus Rev 14(2):129–146CrossRef

Zheng C, Khavul S, Crockett C (2012) Does it transfer? The effects of pre-internationalization experience on post-entry organizational learning in entrepreneurial Chinese firms. J Int Entrep 10(3):232–254CrossRef

Titel: Export barriers and path to internationalization: A comparison of conventional enterprises and international new ventures
verfasst von: Eldrede Tinashe Kahiya
Publikationsdatum: 01.03.2013
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of International Entrepreneurship / Ausgabe 1/2013
Print ISSN: 1570-7385
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7349
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-013-0102-4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2013

Editorial note

SMEs and networks: Overcoming the liability of outsidership

Early and rapidly internationalizing ventures: Similarities and differences between classifications based on the original international new venture and born global literatures

Engaging diasporas as international entrepreneurs in developing countries: In search of determinants