Abstract
Interfiber friction in paper exists in fiber suspensions, fiber flocs, and fiber networks. The interfiber friction force is, therefore, important both in papermaking and in the use of paper. The objective of this research is to develop a methodology using atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the direct measurement of the friction force between pulp fibers. Different factors such as AFM scanning velocity, contact area, and fiber surface roughness were investigated. The results show that AFM is an effective tool for measuring micro-scale interfiber friction forces. Both AFM scanning velocity and fiber surface roughness affect the measured results. The coefficient of friction increases, but the initial adhesion force decreases, with increasing fiber surface roughness.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Back E (1991) Paper-to-paper and paper-to-metal friction. In: TAPPI international paper physics conference, Kona, Hawaii, pp 49–65
Mogahzy EYE, Gupta BS (1993) Textile Res J 63(4):219
Jong DHG (1993) Textile Res J 63(1):14
Andersson SR, Rasmuson A (1997) J Pulp Paper Sci 23(1):J5
Postle LJ, Ingham J (1952) J Text Inst Trans 43:T77
Cox DR (1952) J Text Inst 43:T87
Lord E (1955) J Text Inst 46:P41
Howell HG (1954) J Text Inst 45:T575
Mizuno H, Kjellin M, Nordgren N, Petterson T, Wallqvist V, Fielden M, Rutland MW (2006) Aust J Chem 59:390
Linderberg J, Gralén N (1948) Textile Res J 18(5):287
Srivastava A, Astrom KJ, Turner KL (2007) Tribol Lett 27:315
Perry SS, Somorjai GA, Mate MC, White RL (1995) Tribol Lett 1:233
Heim LO, Blum J, Preuss M, Butt HJ (1999) Phys Rev Lett 83(16):3328
Bhushan B (1998) Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J 212:1
Zauscher S, Klingenberg DJ (2001) Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Aspects 178:213
Nigmatullin R, Lovitt R, Wright C, Linder M, Nakari-Setälä T, Gama M (2004) Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 35:125
Kontturi E, Tammelin T, Österberg M (2006) Chem Soc Rev 35:1287
Stiernstedt J, Nordgren N, Wågberg L, Brumer H, Gray DG, Rutland MW (2006) J Colloid Interface Sci 303:117
Stiernstedt J, Brumer H, Zhou Q, Teeri TT, Rutland MW (2006) Biomacromolecules 7(7):2147
Carambassis A, Rutland MW (1999) Langmuir 15(17):5584
Fält S, Vesterlind EL, Larsson PT (2004) Cellulose 11:151
Bowen WR, Stoton JAG, Doneva TA (2002) Surf Interface Anal 33:7
Feiler A, Larson I, Jenkins P, Attard P (2000) Langmuir 16(26):10269
Howell HG, Mieszkis KW, Tabor D (1959) Friction in textile. Butterworth Scientific Publications, London
Rabinowicz E (1995) Friction and wear of materials. John Wiley, New York
Carpick RW, Agraït N, Ogletree DF, Salmeron M (1996) J Vac Sci Technol B 14(2):1289
He JH, Batchelor WJ, Johnston RE (2007) J Mater Sci 42(2):522. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1146-9
Bhushan B (1999) Principles and applications of tribology. Wiley-Interscience, New York
Homola AM, Israelachvili JN, Gee ML, McGuiggan PM (1989) J Tribol 111(4):675
Labardi M, Allegrini M, Ascoli C, Ferdiani C, Salerno M (1995) In: Guntherodt HJ, Anselmetti D, Meyer E (eds) Forces in scanning probe methods. Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p 319
Sundararajan S, Bhushan B (2000) J Appl Sci 88(8):4825
Batchelor WJ, He J, Sampson WW (2006) J Mater Sci 41(24):8377. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0889-7
Entwistle KM, Kong K, MacDonald MA (2007) J Mater Sci 42(17):7263. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1460-2
Hutter JL, Bechhoefer J (1993) Rev Sci Instrum 64:1868
Feiler A, Attard P, Larson I (2000) Rev Sci Instrum 71(7):2746
Ogletree DF, Carpick RW, Salmeron M (1996) Rev Sci Instrum 67(9):3298
Tocha E, Schonherr H, Vancso GJ (2006) Langmuir 22(5):2340
Varenberg M, Etsion I, Halperin G (2003) Rev Sci Instrum 74:3362
Bhushan B, Kulkarni AV (1996) Thin Solid Films 278:49
Yoshizawa H, Chen Y-L, Israelachvili J (1993) J Phys Chem 97:4128
Maboudian R, Howe RT (1997) J Vac Sci Technol B 15(1):1
Bhushan B, Sundararajan S (1998) Acta Mater 46(11):3793
Liu HS, Ahmed I-U, Scherge M (2001) Thin Solid Films 381:135
Koinkar VN, Bhushan B (1996) J Vac Sci Technol A 14(4):2378
Johnson KL, Kendall K, Roberts AD (1971) Proc R Soc Lond A 324:301
Yoon E-S, Singh RA, Oh H-J, Kong H (2005) Wear 259:1424
Carpick RW, Ogletree DF, Salmeron M (1999) J Colloid Interface Sci 211:395
Gellerstedt F, Gatenholm P (1999) Cellulose 6:103
Kazayawoko M, Balatinecz JJ, Matuana LM (1999) J Mater Sci 34:6189. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004790409158
Yan D, Li K (2008) J Mater Sci 43:2869. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2085-9
Neagu RC, Gamstedt EK (2007) J Mater Sci 42(24):10254. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1199-9
Ntenga R, Beakou A, Ateba JA (2008) J Mater Sci 43(18):6206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2925-2
Orso S, Wegst UGK, Arzt E (2006) J Mater Sci 41(16):5122. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0072-1
Davies P, Morvan C, Sire O (2007) J Mater Sci 42(13):4850. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0546-1
Bhushan B, Dandavate C (2000) J Appl Phys 87(3):1201
Page DH, Baker CF, Punton VW (eds) (1989) Fundamentals of papermaking. Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd, London
Mohlin UB, Miller J (1995) Industrial refining effects of refining conditions on fibre properties. In: Proc. 3rd international refining conference, vol 4. Atlanta, March 19–22, p 1
Koinkar VN, Bhushan B (1997) J Appl Phys 81(6):2472
Mahlberg R, Niemi HE-M, Denes FS, Rowell RM (1999) Langmuir 15:2985
Bhushan B (1995) Handbook of micro/nanotribology. Chemical Rubber, Boca Raton, FL
Schmid CF, Klingenberg DJ (2000) J Colloid Interface Sci 226:136
Switzer LH, Klingenberg DJ (2004) Int J Multiphase Flow 30:67
Amelina EA, Shchukin ED, Parfenova AM, Bessonov AI, Videnskii IV (1998) Colloid J 60(5):537
Rabinovich YI, Adler JJ, Ata A, Singh RK, Moudgil BM (2000) J Colloid Interface Sci 232:10
Rabinovich YI, Adler JJ, Ata A, Singh RK, Moudgil BM (2000) J Colloid Interface Sci 232:17
Mate CM (1993) Wear 168:17
Fuller KNG, Tabor D (1975) Proc R Soc Lond A 345:327
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of Atlantic Innovation Fund (AIF), Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), and KCL (Finland) for this research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, F., Li, K. & Kulachenko, A. Measurement of interfiber friction force for pulp fibers by atomic force microscopy. J Mater Sci 44, 3770–3776 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3506-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3506-8