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Carbon fibres from cellulosic precursors: a review

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Abstract

The focus of this review is primarily on the sequence of structural changes at micro and molecular level during carbonization of cellulosic fibres. The influence of various operational parameters such as the pyrolytic temperature and the stabilization agents also discussed as is the effect of the initial properties of the cellulose fibre on the final properties of the carbon fibre.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Alternative current

ACF:

Activated carbon fibre

BC:

Bacterial cellulose

13C NMR:

Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

CF:

Carbon fibre

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CP/MAS:

Cross polarized magic angle spinning

CSA:

Chemical shift anisotropy

DC:

Direct current

DP:

Degree of polymerization

FTIR:

Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy

HTT:

Heat treatment temperature

MWNT:

Multi wall carbon nanotube

N/tex:

Tensile strength unit expressed in force divided by linear density which is numerically equivalent to Gpa/specific gravity

NMMO:

N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

STM:

Scanning tunneling microscopy

SWNT:

Single wall carbon nanotube

tex:

Linear density unit which is equal to the grams per kilometre of material

TGA:

Thermal gravimetric analysis

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr Ian Graveson of SAPPI (South African Paper and Pulp Industry) for his advice and support, Dr S. Eichhorn for helpful discussions and SAPPI for funding.

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  1. Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK

    Ahu Gümrah Dumanlı & Alan H. Windle

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Correspondence to Alan H. Windle.

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Dumanlı, A.G., Windle, A.H. Carbon fibres from cellulosic precursors: a review. J Mater Sci 47, 4236–4250 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-6081-8

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