nach oben

Erschienen in:

20.08.2018 | Chemical routes to materials

Synthesis and characterization of maghemite nanocrystals decorated multi-wall carbon nanotubes for methylene blue dye removal

verfasst von: Arvind K. Bhakta, Sunita Kumari, Sahid Hussain, Praveen Martis, Ronald J. Mascarenhas, Joseph Delhalle, Zineb Mekhalif

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science | Ausgabe 1/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Maghemite nanocrystals decorated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) magnetic and electronic properties enhanced nanocomposites are synthesized using infrared (IR) irradiation and diazonium chemistry. The present method is simple and very effective as it overcomes the problem faced in the past decade for the decoration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with maghemite nanoparticles. The resulting materials are characterized using different techniques such as XPS, TEM, PXRD, STEM, EDX, HRTEM, and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Firstly, sodium hydroxide treatment leads to the purification of MWCNTs (p-MWCNTs). The p-MWCNTs functionalization with tricarboxylic aryl diazonium salts generated in situ (p-MWCNTs-D3) followed by its impregnation with iron (II) ethylenediammonium sulfate (p-MWCNTs-D3/IEDS) utilizing IR radiation is the key step in homogeneously impregnating functionalized MWCNTs. Calcination of p-MWCNTs-D3/IEDS at 500 °C under argon atmosphere results in a controlled decoration of p-MWCNTs with maghemite nanocrystals (p-MWCNTs/MC). A homogeneous distribution of maghemite nanocrystals (cubic crystal system) on MWCNTs is observed in the size range of 1–6 nm, with a Gaussian mean diameter of ∼ 1.9 nm. To illustrate the applications of p-MWCNTs/MC for the decontamination of pollutants in water, methylene blue (MB), a model pollutant, is used and the performances are compared with the unmodified MWCNTs, Fe₂O₃ nanopowder and a mixture of MWCNTs and Fe₂O₃ nanopowder (1:1). Successful integration of properties of both constituents (MWCNTs and maghemite nanocrystals) in the new nanocomposite with superior characteristics is proved. The present method is valid for large-scale preparations which also opens very interesting perspectives in nanotechnology.

Vorheriger Artikel Saturable and reverse saturable absorption of a Cu2O–Ag nanoheterostructure

Nächster Artikel Photothermal conversion performance of perylene diimide radical anion salts modified with tunable moieties

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Kroto H, Heath JR, O’Brien SC et al (1985) C 60: buckminsterfullerene. Nature 318:162–163. https://doi.org/10.1038/318162a0 CrossRef

Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354:56–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/354056a0 CrossRef

Ugarte D (1992) Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation. Nature 359:707–709. https://doi.org/10.1038/359707a0 CrossRef

Iijima S, Yudasaka M, Yamada R et al (1999) Nano-aggregates of single-walled graphitic carbon nano-horns. Chem Phys Lett 309:165–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00642-9 CrossRef

Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV et al (2004) Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films. Science 306:666–669. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1849 CrossRef

Kumar S, Rani R, Dilbaghi N et al (2017) Carbon nanotubes: a novel material for multifaceted applications in human healthcare. Chem Soc Rev 46:158–196. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CS00517A CrossRef

Wallar C, Luo D, Poon R, Zhitomirsky I (2017) Manganese dioxide – carbon nanotube composite electrodes with high active mass loading for electrochemical supercapacitors. J Mater Sci 52:3687–3696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0711-0 CrossRef

Lee YT, Tsai PJ, Peterson VK et al (2016) A microstructural and neutron-diffraction study on the interactions between microwave-irradiated multiwalled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen. J Mater Sci 51:1308–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9448-4 CrossRef

Wang H, Zhou H, Zhang W, Yao S (2018) Urea-assisted synthesis of amorphous molybdenum sulfide on P-doped carbon nanotubes for enhanced hydrogen evolution. J Mater Sci 53:8951–8962. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2226-3 CrossRef

10.

Kumar U, Sikarwar S, Sonker RK, Yadav BC (2016) Carbon nanotube: synthesis and application in solar cell. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 26:1231–1242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-016-0401-z CrossRef

11.

Adewunmi AA, Ismail S, Sultan AS (2016) Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite hydrogels developed for various applications: a critical review. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 26:717–737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-016-0379-6 CrossRef

12.

Morais PV, Jr VFG, Silva ACA et al (2017) Nanofilm of ZnO nanocrystals/carbon nanotubes as biocompatible layer for enzymatic biosensors in capacitive field-effect devices. J Mater Sci 52:12314–12325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1369-y CrossRef

13.

Zhang Y, Li K, Ji P et al (2017) Silicon-multi-walled carbon nanotubes-carbon microspherical composite as high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Sci 52:3630–3641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0503-6 CrossRef

14.

Kouser R, Vashist A, Zafaryab M et al (2018) Biocompatible and mechanically robust nanocomposite hydrogels for potential applications in tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng, C 84:168–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.11.018 CrossRef

15.

Bhakta AK, Mascarenhas RJ, D’Souza OJ et al (2015) Iron nanoparticles decorated multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified carbon paste electrode as an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid, dopamine and l-tyrosine. Mater Sci Eng, C 57:328–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.003 CrossRef

16.

Naeimi A, Saeidi M, Baroumand N (2016) Carboxylated carbon nanotubes as an efficient and cost-effective adsorbent for sustainable removal of insecticide fenvalerate from contaminated solutions. Int Nano Lett 6:265–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-016-0193-8 CrossRef

17.

Lata S, Vikas (2017) Dispersibility of carbon nanotubes in organic solvents: do we really have predictive models? J Nanoparticle Res 19:211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-3883-x CrossRef

18.

Bhakta AK, Detriche S, Kumari S et al (2018) Multi-wall carbon nanotubes decorated with bismuth oxide nanocrystals using infrared irradiation and diazonium chemistry. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-018-0800-4 CrossRef

19.

Huber DL (2005) Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Iron Nanoparticles. Small 1:482–501. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200500006 CrossRef

20.

Sahebian S, Zebarjad SM, Khaki JV, Lazzeri A (2016) The decoration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with nickel oxide nanoparticles using chemical method. Int Nano Lett 6:183–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-016-0185-8 CrossRef

21.

Heydari F, Afghahi SSS, Manteghian M, Taghizadeh MJ (2017) Nanosized amorphous (Co, Fe) oxide particles decorated PANI—CNT: facile synthesis, characterization, magnetic, electromagnetic properties and their application. Int Nano Lett 7:275–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-017-0223-1 CrossRef

22.

Bhakta AK, Mascarenhas RJ, Martis P et al (2018) Multi-wall carbon nanotubes decorated with barium oxide nanoparticles. Synth Catal Open Access. https://doi.org/10.4172/2574-0431.100019 CrossRef

23.

Shokrollahi H (2017) A review of the magnetic properties, synthesis methods and applications of maghemite. J Magn Magn Mater 426:74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.033 CrossRef

24.

Kilinç E (2016) γ-Fe₂O₃magnetic nanoparticle functionalized with carboxylated multi walled carbon nanotube: synthesis, characterization, analytical and biomedical application. J Magn Magn Mater 401:949–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.11.003 CrossRef

25.

Fallahiarezoudar E, Ahmadipourroudposht M, Idris A et al (2016) Characterization of maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃)-loaded poly-l-lactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane electrospun mats for soft tissue engineering. J Mater Sci 51:8361–8381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0087-1 CrossRef

26.

Shah RR, Davis TP, Glover AL et al (2015) Impact of magnetic field parameters and iron oxide nanoparticle properties on heat generation for use in magnetic hyperthermia. J Magn Magn Mater 387:96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.03.085 CrossRef

27.

Bagheban Shahri F, Niazi A (2015) Synthesis of modified maghemite nanoparticles and its application for removal of acridine orange from aqueous solutions by using box-behnken design. J Magn Magn Mater 396:318–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.08.054 CrossRef

28.

De Souza FG, Marins JA, Pinto JC et al (2010) Magnetic field sensor based on a maghemite/polyaniline hybrid material. J Mater Sci 45:5012–5021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4321-y CrossRef

29.

Shokrollahi H (2013) Contrast agents for MRI. Mater Sci Eng, C 33:4485–4497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2013.07.012 CrossRef

30.

Gatabi MP, Moghaddam HM, Ghorbani M (2016) Efficient removal of cadmium using magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotube nanoadsorbents: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic study. J Nanoparticle Res 18:189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3487-x CrossRef

31.

Kim IT, Nunnery GA, Jacob K et al (2010) Synthesis, characterization, and alignment of magnetic carbon nanotubes tethered with maghemite nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 114:6944–6951. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9118925 CrossRef

32.

Morales-Cid G, Fekete A, Simonet BM et al (2010) In situ synthesis of magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotube composites for the clean-up of (Fluoro)Quinolones from human plasma prior to ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography analysis. Anal Chem 82:2743–2752. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac902631h CrossRef

33.

Miyako E, Pichon BP, Menard-Moyon C et al (2016) Design, synthesis, characterization and properties of magnetic nanoparticle-nanocarbon hybrids. Carbon N Y 96:49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.045 CrossRef

34.

Xu P, Han XJ, Liu XR et al (2009) A study of the magnetic and electromagnetic properties of γ-Fe₂O₃-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Fe/Fe₃C-MWCNT composites. Mater Chem Phys 114:556–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.10.010 CrossRef

35.

Gatabi MP, Moghaddam HM, Ghorbani M (2016) Point of zero charge of maghemite decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes fabricated by chemical precipitation method. J Mol Liq 216:117–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.087 CrossRef

36.

Kilinç E (2016) γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanoparticle functionalized with carboxylated multi walled carbon nanotube: synthesis, characterization, analytical and biomedical application. J Magn Magn Mater 401:949–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.11.003 CrossRef

37.

Huiqun C, Meifang Z, Yaogang L (2006) Decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide. J Solid State Chem 179:1208–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2005.12.040 CrossRef

38.

Tan F, Fan X, Zhang G, Zhang F (2007) Coating and filling of carbon nanotubes with homogeneous magnetic nanoparticles. Mater Lett 61:1805–1808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.07.163 CrossRef

39.

Fan X, Tan F, Zhang G, Zhang F (2007) A novel strategy to fabricate γ-Fe₂O₃-MWCNTs hybrids with selectively ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic properties. Mater Sci Eng, A 454–455:37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.027 CrossRef

40.

Tsoufis T, Douvalis AP, Lekka CE et al (2013) Controlled preparation of carbon nanotube-iron oxide nanoparticle hybrid materials by a modified wet impregnation method. J Nanoparticle Res 15:1924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1924-7 CrossRef

41.

Tavakkoli M, Kallio T, Reynaud O et al (2016) Maghemite nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanotubes as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. J Mater Chem A 4:5216–5222. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA01472K CrossRef

42.

Cao Y (2014) Preparation and magnetic properties of a multi-walled carbon nanotube-iron oxide nanoparticle composite. Fullerenes Nanotub Carbon Nanostructures 23:623–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2014.944261 CrossRef

43.

Lee C-G, Kim S-B (2016) Removal of arsenic and selenium from aqueous solutions using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotube adsorbents. Desalin Water Treat 57:28323–28339. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1185042 CrossRef

44.

Mahouche-Chergui S, Gam-Derouich S, Mangeney C, Chehimi MM (2011) Aryl diazonium salts: a new class of coupling agents for bonding polymers, biomacromolecules and nanoparticles to surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 40:4143–4166. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cs00179a CrossRef

45.

Bhakta AK, Detriche S, Martis P et al (2017) Decoration of tricarboxylic and monocarboxylic aryl diazonium functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes with iron nanoparticles. J Mater Sci 52:9648–9660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1100-z CrossRef

46.

Chehimi MM (2012) Aryl Diazonium Salts: New Coupling Agents in Polymer and Surface Science. Wiley-VCH Weinheim Germany. ISBN 978-3-527-32998-4

47.

Miyako E, Nagata H, Hirano K, Hirotsu T (2008) Carbon nanotube-polymer composite for light-driven microthermal control. Angew Chemie Int Ed 47:3610–3613. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200800296 CrossRef

48.

Martis P, Venugopal BR, Seffer J-F et al (2011) Infrared irradiation controlled decoration of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with copper/copper oxide nanocrystals. Acta Mater 59:5040–5047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.061 CrossRef

49.

Venugopal BR, Detriche S, Delhalle J, Mekhalif Z (2012) Effect of infrared irradiation on immobilization of ZnO nanocrystals on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Nanoparticle Res 14:1079. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1079-y CrossRef

50.

Khan AA, Kumar M, Khan K et al (2017) Photoinduced oxygen prompted iron – iron oxide catalyzed clock reaction: a mimic of the blue bottle experiment. New J Chem 41:6420–6426. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ00761B CrossRef

51.

Hassan W, Farooq U, Ahmad M et al (2017) Potential biosorbent, Haloxylon recurvum plant stems, for the removal of methylene blue dye. Arab J Chem 10:S1512–S1522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.05.002 CrossRef

52.

Pathania D, Sharma S, Singh P (2017) Removal of methylene blue by adsorption onto activated carbon developed from Ficus carica bast. Arab J Chem 10:S1445–S1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.021 CrossRef

53.

Yao Y, Xu F, Chen M et al (2010) Adsorption behavior of methylene blue on carbon nanotubes. Bioresour Technol 101:3040–3046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.042 CrossRef

54.

Wu P, Xie K, Xu X et al (2015) Multiwalled carbon nanotubes anchored with maghemite nanocrystals for high-performance lithium storage. Mater Res Bull 64:106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.12.042 CrossRef

55.

Yan N, Zhou X, Li Y et al (2013) Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles wrapped in multi-walled carbon nanotubes with enhanced lithium storage capability. Sci Rep 3:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03392 CrossRef

56.

De Sousa M, Martinez DST, Alves OL (2016) Alternative mannosylation method for nanomaterials: application to oxidized debris-free multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Nanoparticle Res 18:143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3399-9 CrossRef

57.

Liu Q, Li M, Wang Z et al (2013) Improvement on the tensile performance of buckypaper using a novel dispersant and functionalized carbon nanotubes. Compos Part A 55:102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.08.011 CrossRef

58.

Tardio S, Abel M, Carr RH et al (2015) Comparative study of the native oxide on 316L stainless steel by XPS and ToF-SIMS. J Vac Sci Technol, A 33:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4927319 CrossRef

59.

Gu X, Sun Z, Wu S et al (2013) Surfactant-free hydrothermal synthesis of sub-10 nm γ-Fe2O3–polymer porous composites with high catalytic activity for reduction of nitroarenes. Chem Commun 49:10088–10090. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc44523b CrossRef

60.

Zhang W, Stolojan V, Silva SRP, Wu CW (2014) Raman, EELS and XPS studies of maghemite decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 121:715–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.101 CrossRef

61.

Mohamed AA, Salmi Z, Dahoumane SA et al (2015) Functionalization of nanomaterials with aryldiazonium salts. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 225:16–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2015.07.011 CrossRef

62.

Mekki A, Ait-Touchente Z, Samanta S et al (2016) Polyaniline-wrapped ZnO nanorod composite films on diazonium-modified flexible plastic substrates. Macromol Chem Phys 217:1136–1148CrossRef

63.

Blanch AJ, Lenehan CE, Quinton JS (2012) Dispersant effects in the selective reaction of aryl diazonium salts with single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem C 116:1709–1723CrossRef

64.

Maho A, Detriche S, Fonder G et al (2014) Electrochemical co-deposition of phosphonate-modified carbon nanotubes and tantalum on nitinol. ChemElectroChem 1:896–902. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201300197 CrossRef

65.

Chen J, Hamon MA, Hu H et al (1998) Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science 80(282):95–98. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5386.95 CrossRef

66.

Wang G, Ren W, Tan HR, Liu Y (2017) Carbon nanoparticle-modified multi-wall carbon nanotubes with fast adsorption kinetics for water treatment. Nanotechnology 28:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa542c CrossRef

67.

Bahgat M, Ali Farghali A, El Rouby W et al (2013) Adsorption of methyl green dye onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with Ni nanoferrite. Appl Nanosci 3:251–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-012-0127-3 CrossRef

68.

Wang P, Cao M, Wang C et al (2014) Kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of methylene blue by a magnetic graphene-carbon nanotube composite. Appl Surf Sci 290:116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.11.010 CrossRef

69.

Gong J-L, Wang B, Zeng G-M et al (2009) Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution using magnetic multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposite as adsorbent. J Hazard Mater J 164:1517–1522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.072 CrossRef

70.

Ai L, Zhang C, Liao F et al (2011) Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution with magnetite loaded multi-wall carbon nanotube: kinetic, isotherm and mechanism analysis. J Hazard Mater 198:282–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.041 CrossRef

71.

Qu S, Huang F, Yu S et al (2008) Magnetic removal of dyes from aqueous solution using multi-walled carbon nanotubes filled with Fe₂O₃ particles. J Hazard Mater J 160:643–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.037 CrossRef

72.

Mohammed MI, Razak AAA, Al-Timimi DAH (2014) Modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes for treatment of some organic dyes in wastewater Adv Mater Sci Eng

73.

Chagovets VV, Kosevich MV, Stepanian SG et al (2012) Noncovalent interaction of methylene blue with carbon nanotubes: theoretical and mass spectrometry characterization. J Phys Chem C 116:20579–20590. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp306333c CrossRef

74.

Siddiqui MTH, Nizamuddin S, Baloch HA et al (2018) Synthesis of magnetic carbon nanocomposites by hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis. Environ Chem Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0724-9 CrossRef

75.

Singh M, Ramanathan R, Mayes ELH et al (2018) One-pot synthesis of maghemite nanocrystals across aqueous and organic solvents for magnetic hyperthermia. Appl Mater Today 12:250–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2018.06.003 CrossRef

Titel: Synthesis and characterization of maghemite nanocrystals decorated multi-wall carbon nanotubes for methylene blue dye removal
verfasst von: Arvind K. Bhakta
Sunita Kumari
Sahid Hussain
Praveen Martis
Ronald J. Mascarenhas
Joseph Delhalle
Zineb Mekhalif
Publikationsdatum: 20.08.2018
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2818-y

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2019

Lithium-ion battery fiber constructed by diverse-dimensional carbon nanomaterials

Synthesis of polyphosphazene and preparation of microspheres from polyphosphazene blends with PMMA for drug combination therapy

X-ray methods to observe and quantify adhesive penetration into wood

Gold nanoparticles supported by amino groups on the surface of magnetite microspheres for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

Insights of the role of shell closing model and NICS in the stability of NbGen (n = 7–18) clusters: a first-principles investigation

Probing the difference in friction performance between graphene and MoS2 by manipulating the silver nanowires

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten