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Women on Boards of Directors: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Roles of Organizational Leadership and National Context for Gender Equality

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Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that gender diversity on boards of directors is important for corporate governance and overall organizational effectiveness. Yet, progress in increasing female board representation has been slow. Prior studies have focused primarily on either the role of organizational characteristics in board gender composition or the role of national institutions as predictors of female board representation across countries. In this study, we integrate psychological theory related to implicit biases and agency theory, with institutional theory, to propose that the national context for gender equality moderates the extent to which characteristics of organizational leadership relate to female board representation. We conduct a meta-analysis of 158 samples encompassing 60,648 organizations across 36 countries to test our hypotheses. Our findings highlight the importance of the national context for gender equality as a boundary condition for understanding the relationship between organizational leadership characteristics and female board representation. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for increasing the representation of female directors across countries.

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  1. Department of Marketing and Management, College of Business Administration, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, USA

    Cynthia Saldanha Halliday

  2. Department of Management, College of Business, Florida State University, 821 Academic Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA

    Samantha C. Paustian-Underdahl

  3. Department of International Business, College of Business, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, MANGO 428, Miami, FL, 33199, USA

    Stav Fainshmidt

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Halliday, C.S., Paustian-Underdahl, S.C. & Fainshmidt, S. Women on Boards of Directors: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Roles of Organizational Leadership and National Context for Gender Equality. J Bus Psychol 36, 173–191 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09679-y

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