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Long-term (36-year) observations on the dynamics of the fish-killing raphidophyte Chattonella in Harima-Nada, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan

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Abstract

Long-term changes of the fish-killing raphidophyte Chattonella spp. (Chattonella antiqua, Chattonella marina and Chattonella ovata) were examined in relation to environmental factors at 19 sampling stations in Harima-Nada, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan, for 36 years from 1973 to 2008. Long-term trends in the dynamics of Chattonella populations were considered to relate to environmental factors such as nutrient concentrations and water temperature. High nutrient levels during the period from the 1970s to the early 1980s have contributed to the high cell density and large-scale red tides of Chattonella spp. in Harima-Nada. However, nutrient levels exhibited a decreasing trend thereafter, and it is thought that Chattonella spp. cannot form large-scale blooms under the present conditions. After the mid-1990s, the occurrence period of vegetative cells of Chattonella spp. has been several weeks or 1 month earlier than that of the 1970s and early 1980s, and the appearance frequency of Chattonella spp. has increased in the northern coastal area, although the cell density and the spatial scale of the distribution have become lower and smaller than those in the previous decades. It is suggested that the timing of germination of Chattonella cysts has become earlier as a result of the increase in water temperature, and the chances of vegetative growth have also increased, especially at the northern coast where most of large rivers discharge into the Harima-Nada. In addition, the present results revealed that fewer diatoms were also one of the significant factors for the high abundance of Chattonella spp. in Harima-Nada.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the captain and crew of the research vessel, “Shin-Hyogo”, and members of the Fisheries Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, for their cooperation in sampling and measurement of water samples. We also thank Dr. Takehiko Manabe, the former director of the Fisheries Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries for his valuable advice and useful comments on our research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tajima Fisheries Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kasumi, Kami, Mikata, Hyogo, 669-6541, Japan

    Tetsuya Nishikawa

  2. Fisheries Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Minami-Futami 22-2, Futami, Akashi, Hyogo, 674-0093, Japan

    Yutaka Hori, Kazutaka Miyahara, Yukinobu Nakamura & Kazuhiro Harada

  3. Aquatic Genomics Research Center, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fukuura 2-12-4, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan

    Satoshi Nagai

  4. Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Oceanography, Kagawa University, Miki, Kida, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan

    Kuninao Tada

  5. Plankton Laboratory, Division of Marine Bioresource and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho 3-1-1, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan

    Ichiro Imai

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  1. Tetsuya Nishikawa
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  2. Yutaka Hori
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  3. Satoshi Nagai
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Correspondence to Tetsuya Nishikawa.

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Nishikawa, T., Hori, Y., Nagai, S. et al. Long-term (36-year) observations on the dynamics of the fish-killing raphidophyte Chattonella in Harima-Nada, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan. J Oceanogr 70, 153–164 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-014-0219-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-014-0219-7

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