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Competing Motivations: Proactive Response Inhibition Toward Addiction-Related Stimuli in Quitting-Motivated Individuals

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Abstract

We examined whether addiction-related cues impact proactive inhibition (the restraint of actions in preparation for stopping) in individuals who are motivated to quit gambling or cannabis use. In Study 1, treatment-seeking individuals with cannabis use disorder and matched controls performed a stop-signal task that required them to inhibit categorizing cannabis or neutral pictures, and within varying levels of stop-signal probability. In Study 2, two groups of individuals, who applied to a voluntary self-exclusion program toward gambling, performed the stop-task following relaxation or gambling craving induction, with results compared to non-gamblers. Study 1 showed that despite being less efficient in proactive inhibition, individuals with cannabis use disorder exhibited heightened proactive inhibition toward cannabis cues. In Study 2, proactive inhibition toward gambling cues was heightened in gamblers after craving, but the degree of proactive adjustment decreased as a function of induced changes in gambling-related motivation. Present findings demonstrate that exposure to addiction-related cues can modulate proactive inhibition in individuals who are motivated to restrict their addictive behaviors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mikael Alaerts, Anais Bertrand, Florentin Lariepe and Aubery Montero for their help in recruiting participants, and Dr. Frederick Verbruggen for his advices on data analyses.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Center for Responsible Gaming (NCRG; Early Stage Investigator Grant) and the Belgian National Funds for Scientific Research (FNRS; Chargé de Recherche Grant).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, 3620A McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2921, USA

    D. Brevers & A. Bechara

  2. Psychological Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brugmann-Campus, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

    D. Brevers, V. Antoniali, A. Bruylant, P. Verbanck, C. Kornreich & X. Noël

  3. Brain Imaging Research Center, Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA

    C. D. Kilts

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  1. D. Brevers
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Correspondence to D. Brevers.

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Brevers, D., Bechara, A., Kilts, C.D. et al. Competing Motivations: Proactive Response Inhibition Toward Addiction-Related Stimuli in Quitting-Motivated Individuals. J Gambl Stud 34, 785–806 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9722-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9722-2

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