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Journal of Happiness Studies

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09.11.2017 | Research Paper

Lifespan Differences in a Self Determination Theory Model of Eudaimonia: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults

verfasst von: Corey S. Mackenzie, Eric C. Karaoylas, Katherine B. Starzyk

Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Ausgabe 8/2018

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Abstract

Despite the myriad physical, cognitive, and social losses that are increasingly common as we age, a growing body of evidence suggests that aging is positively associated with mental health and well-being. The majority of this evidence is in the form of mental health, personality, and subjective/hedonic well-being outcomes; far less is known about lifespan differences in eudaimonic well-being. The objective of this study was to examine differences across three age groups in a relatively recent model of eudaimonia informed by self-determination theory that focuses on the process of living well, but also acknowledges outcomes of that process. In comparison to young (n = 66) and middle-aged adults (n = 66), older adults (n = 66) were especially likely to be living eudaimonically (i.e., to have intrinsic aspirations, goal autonomy, mindfulness, and basic psychological need fulfillment). The effect of age on well-being outcomes was mixed; the oldest group reported the highest levels of life satisfaction (hedonic well-being) but the lowest levels of purpose and growth (eudaimonic well-being) in comparison to their younger counterparts. As predicted by the model, basic psychological need fulfillment mediated the relationship between motivational constructs and well-being outcomes. Furthermore, the model applied equally well to younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Our results are consistent with recent theoretical models emphasizing the socioemotional benefits of aging, as well as potential challenges to well-being that exist in later life.

Vorheriger Artikel Positioning Implicit Theories of Well-Being Within a Positivity Framework

Nächster Artikel Social Networks and Subjective Well-Being: A Comparison of Australia, Britain, and China

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For this model, χ²(7) = 15.15, p = .03, RMSEA = .08 (90 CI .02, .13), p _close = .17, CFI = .97, PNFI = .24, and ECVI = .45 (90 CI .41, .53); the number of distinct parameters to be estimated in this model is 37. Compared to structural weights model, this model fits more poorly, but is still acceptable given conventional standards. We could have chosen instead to present the three models, one for each age group, associated with the structural weights analysis but that would incorrectly imply the structural weights differed significantly across age groups.

Simple guidelines for sample size in path analysis and structural equation modeling exist (e.g., N ≥ 200), but are not generally not defensible because several factors affect the power of such analyses, such as scale reliability, degrees of freedom, and missing data (Lee et al. 2012; MacCallum et al. 1999). In general, as Wolf et al. (2013) explain, “such rules are problematic because they are not model-specific and may lead to grossly over-or underestimated sample size requirements” (p. 2). Indeed, using simulation analyses, Wolf and colleagues demonstrated that samples as small as 30 may be appropriate for some structural model analyses. While acknowledging that our sample would ideally have been larger, confidence in our model is enhanced by the fact that we had no missing data and our indicators reflected, with the exception of goal autonomy, highly reliable scales.

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Titel: Lifespan Differences in a Self Determination Theory Model of Eudaimonia: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults
verfasst von: Corey S. Mackenzie
Eric C. Karaoylas
Katherine B. Starzyk
Publikationsdatum: 09.11.2017
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies / Ausgabe 8/2018
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9932-4

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