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Evaluating Diversification Hypotheses in the South American Cricetid Thaptomys nigrita (Lichtenstein, 1829) (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae): An Appraisal of Geographical Variation Based on Different Character Systems

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Abstract

Molecular surveys using mtDNA sequences have been used to identify cryptic species in sigmodontine rodents. However, where sampling is uneven, a critical appraisal of further evidence is pivotal to test whether genetic discontinuity represents different species. In order to investigate geographical variation in the Neotropical rodent Thaptomys nigrita, we analyzed patterns of morphological variation in qualitative and morphometric data, and compared our results with recent information on karyological and molecular diversity reported for the monotypic genus. Two subtle morphometric groups of populations, corresponding to karyomorphs 2n = 50 and 2n = 52, were revealed, but no qualitative aspect of craniodental morphology unambiguously distinguished them. A positive and significant association between geographical and both morphological and genetic distances suggest that the distinction between the two groups of population follows an isolation by distance model. This result, coupled with phylogeographic and karyotypic breaks coincident to a sampling gap extending for 540 km, and with the low phylogenetic resolution of molecular clades, does not allow rejecting the hypothesis that the divergent samples constitute polymorphic populations of a widely distributed species. We discuss possible determinants of these patterns and emphasize the need for an integrative approach in future efforts to disclose the evolutionary relationships of small mammals in situations of uneven sampling.

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Acknowledgments

A preliminary version of this work formed part of a thesis by J. Moreira submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an M.Sc. degree in Zoology at the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. We are indebted to Drs. Mário de Vivo (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo), Gisele Lessa (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa), and Raquel Moura (Coleção de Mamíferos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) for granting access to specimens deposited in collections under their care. We thank Cibele R. Bonvicino, Edmar G. Manduca, Júlio F. Vilela, Liliani M. Tiepolo, and Pablo R. Gonçalves for support in the field and for generously sharing valuable chromosomal preparations used in this work. Dr Leila M. Pessoa kindly provided laboratory facilities. Special thanks are due to Christopher J. Tribe and Pablo R. Gonçalves for revising the English grammar and structure, and for comments and suggestions on previous drafts. Guillermo D’Elia and Bruce D. Patterson thoroughly reviewed the submitted manuscript and provided valuable comments that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. While conducting this work, Jânio C. Moreira was supported by a student fellowship from Coordenação para Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES), and João A. Oliveira by a research fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

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  1. Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil, CEP 20940-040

    Jânio Cordeiro Moreira & João Alves de Oliveira

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  1. Jânio Cordeiro Moreira
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Correspondence to João Alves de Oliveira.

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Gazetter of collecting localities and list of specimens examined. All localities are in Brazil. States are listed in bold uppercase. Sample numbers in roman and bold are followed by localities names (when available) and municipality name in bold, and reference coordinates in parenthesis are from the municipality headquarters. Asterisks indicate specimens karyotyped for this study. Museum acronyms are as defined in the Material and Methods.

BAHIA. 1. Fazenda Almada, Ilhéus (14°39′S; 39°11′W), MN 8731, 8734, 8742–43, 8746, 8752, 8754, 8763, 8769, 8774–75, 8795, 8797, 8808, 8816, 8821–22, 8840, 8847–48, 8850, 8858, 9607, 29469, 68557–58, 68573–74, 68579–80, 68583–84; 2. Banco da Vitória/Fazenda Pirataquissé, Ilhéus (14°48′S; 39°07′W), MN 8720, 8724, 8729, 8748–49, 8755, 8759, 8764, 8767, 8780, 8782, 8788, 8792, 8798, 8801, 8805–06, 8811, 8817, 8820, 8824–27, 8834, 8838, 8842, 8844, 8846, 8849, 8854–55, 9390, 10513, 68565–66, 68571–72, 68578; 3. Fazenda Limeira, Ilhéus (14°49′S; 39°02′W): UFMG 2238; 4. Fazenda Ribeirão da Fortuna, Buerarema, 14°57′S; 39°19′W): MN 8719, 8721, 8727, 8730, 8735, 8750, MN 8760–62, 8778, 8785, 8793, 8802–04, 8807, 8814, 8823, 8828, 8833, 8835, 8845, 10836, 11515, 29468, 68548–49, 68563, 68570, 68577, 68582; 5. Vila Brasil, Una (15°18′S; 39°04′W), uncatalogued MZUSP (DIXO 206, 207, 209; RP 57, 65, 1691); Fazenda Sapucaieira, uncatalogued MZUSP (DIXO 79, 255; RP 289, 319, 325, 397); Maruim, uncatalogued MZUSP (DIXO 161; RP 469); Fazenda Jueirana, UFMG 2017–18, 2180–81; Fazenda Bolandeira, UFMG 2020; Reserva Biológica de Una, UFMG 2019: ESPÍRITO SANTO: 6. Santa Teresa, 19°55′S; 40°36′W), MN 5348–49, 5358, 5367, 5409, 5415, 29107, 29109, 29111; 9. Castelo/Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, 20°53′S; 41°42′W, 20°51′S; 41°06′W), Km 3 Forno Grande, MN 29096, 29104, 29110; Km 4 Nova Castelinho, MN 29097–103, 29105. MINAS GERAIS: 7. Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Alto Caparaó, 20°22′S; 41°48′W), uncatologued MN (PRG 1144 (*), 1147, 1153, 1166–68, 1170 (*), 1173, 1175 (*), 1177–1178, 1185 (*), 1186 (*), 1187 (*), 1194 (*), 1198 (*), 1204 (*), 1206 (*); 8. Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, Fervedouro, 20°43′S; 42°28′W): Fazenda da Neblina, MZUFV 1109–17, 1118 (*), 1123, 1127–30, 1143–44, 1145 (*), 1146–47, 1189–93, 1208–12, 1222–25, 1239, 1270–71, 1276; Fazenda Brigadeiro, MZUFV 1582–89, 1590 (*), 1591, 1839; Serra das Cabeças, MZUFV 1240, 1247, 1255, 1260–62, 1272–75; 12. Passa Quatro/Delfim Moreira (22°23′S, 44°58′W; 22°30′S, 45° 17′W): Fazenda do Itaguaré, UFMG 1838; Fazenda do Onça, UFMG 1839; RIO DE JANEIRO: 11. Fazenda São José da Serra, Sumidouro (22°03′S; 42°41′W), MZUSP 29384–29387, MN 31366, 31376; 13. Teresópolis (22°26′S; 42°59′W), Fazenda Boa Fé, MN 6334, 6842, 6930, 6933, 6936–37, 6942, 6948–49, 6951, 6953, 6956–57, 6961, 6964, 6969–71, 6974–75, 6978–79; Fazenda Guinle, MN 6929, 6932, 6934, 6944–45, 6947, 6955, 6958, 6960, 6965, 6976, 6980–81; Vieira, MN 63107; 16. Pedra Branca, Paraty (23°13′S; 44°43′W), MN 6315, 6364, 6366, 6386, 6402, 32851; SÃO PAULO: 10. São João da Boa Vista (21°58′S; 46°47′W), MN 66199; 15. Campos do Jordão (22°44′S; 45°35′W), MZUSP 2129, 2132; 14. Piracicaba (22°43′S; 47°38′W), MZUSP 1719; 17. Salesópolis (23°32′S, 45°51′W): MN 32451–52; Boracéia, MZUSP 9579, 9736, 9793, 9797, 9889, 10191–92, 10220, 11006, 11014, 20667–69, 20671; 18. Casa Grande, Biritiba-Mirim (23°35′S, 46°02′W): UFMG 05, 91, 97, 110, 171, 189; MZUSP 11432, 21100, 21107, 21109, 21120, 21123; 19. Cotia (23°37′S; 46°56′W), MZUSP 9736, Reserva do Morro Grande, uncatalogued MN (PRG 1306, 1315, 1326–1328, 1340); 20. Paranapiacaba (23°47′S; 46°19′W), MZUSP 1788–89; 21. Ilha de São Sebastião, Ilhabela (23°49′S; 45°21′W), MZUSP 29383; 24. Fazenda Intervales, Capão Bonito (24°15′S; 48°10′W), MZUSP 27215–22; 26. Iguape (24°43′S; 47°33′W), Barra do Icapara, MZUSP 20650–53, 20655, 20659, 20661, 20664–66, 23850, 24008; Barra do Rio Ribeira, MZUSP 10703, 10707; Costão dos Engenhos, MZUSP 10682; PARANÁ: 22. Fênix (23°54′S; 51°57′W), uncatalogued MHNCI (CTX 4628, 5123, 5173); 23. Ortigueira (24°12′S; 50°55′W), MZUSP 31619, 31715–16; 25. Fazenda Monte Alegre, Telêmaco Borba (24°21′S; 50°37′W), MN 68212 (*), 68218–19, 68222, 68224–27, 68231, 68236, 68240, 68246 (*), 68252 (*), 68253, 68261, 68263–65, 68269–70, 68277–79, 68300, 68302–04, 68308–11, 68313–15, 68321–22; 27. Mananciais da Serra, Piraquara (25°21′S; 49°04′W), JAO 969 (*), 985 (*), 986 (*), 987 (*), 998, 1004 (*), 1020 (*), 1021, 1024. SANTA CATARINA: 28. Corupá (26°26′S; 49°14′W), MZUSP 848. RIO GRANDE DO SUL: 29. Parque Estadual do Turvo, Tenente Portela (27°22′S; 53°45′W), uncatalogued MN (PF 04, 08, 010, 021); 30. Itapeva, Torres (22°20′07′S; 53°45′57′W), uncatalogued MN (GH 013).

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Moreira, J.C., de Oliveira, J.A. Evaluating Diversification Hypotheses in the South American Cricetid Thaptomys nigrita (Lichtenstein, 1829) (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae): An Appraisal of Geographical Variation Based on Different Character Systems. J Mammal Evol 18, 201–214 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-011-9155-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-011-9155-0

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