nach oben

Journal of Nonverbal Behavior

Erschienen in:

01.03.2013 | Original Paper

The Deliberate Duchenne Smile: Individual Differences in Expressive Control

verfasst von: Sarah D. Gunnery, Judith A. Hall, Mollie A. Ruben

Erschienen in: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior | Ausgabe 1/2013

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

We explored the ability to produce deliberate Duchenne smiles and individual differences in this ability. Participants engaged in both a role-play task, designed to measure quasi-naturalistic usage of the deliberate Duchenne smile, and an imitation task, designed to measure muscular capability. In the role-plays, participants were instructed to smile while enacting scripted scenarios, three representing faked positive (masked negative) affect and three representing genuine positive affect. In the imitation task, they were given photographs of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles to imitate. Rates of Duchenne smiling provided further evidence that substantial minorities of people have the ability to produce a Duchenne smile deliberately. Individual differences were evident in the consistency in producing deliberate Duchenne smiles across tasks, and in the relationship between deliberate Duchenne smiling and self-reported ability to put on convincing (false) emotion displays in everyday life.

Vorheriger Artikel Cultural Similarities and Differences in Emblematic Gestures

Nächster Artikel What’s in a Kiss? Spatial Experience Shapes Directional Bias During Kissing

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Smiles were only coded for the presence of AU 6 and AU 12. Other smile characteristics such as symmetry and duration were not included as part of our analyses. These characteristics do offer information that perceivers use to differentiate between posed and spontaneous smiles (Krumhuber and Kappas 2005; Gosselin et al. 2002). Not including this information could be seen as a limitation of the current study, but its exclusion is warranted because our interest was whether participants could produce deliberate Duchenne smiles that differed from non-Duchenne smiles, not deliberate Duchenne smiles that are the same as spontaneous Duchenne smiles.

Abel, M. H. (Ed.). (2002). An empirical reflection on the smile. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.

Ansfield, M. E. (2007). Smiling when distressed: When a smile is a frown turned upside down. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 763–775.PubMedCrossRef

Berenbaum, H., & Rotter, A. (1992). The relationship between spontaneous facial expressions of emotion and voluntary control of facial muscles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 16, 179–190.CrossRef

Bernstein, M. J., Young, S. G., Brown, C. M., Sacco, D. F., & Claypool, H. M. (2008). Adaptive responses to social exclusion: Social rejection improves detection of real and fake smiles. Psychological Science, 19, 981–983.PubMedCrossRef

Carroll, J. M., & Russell, J. A. (1997). Facial expressions in Hollywood’s portrayal of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 164–172.CrossRef

Ekman, P., & Davidson, R. J. (1993). Voluntary smiling changes regional brain activity. Psychological Science, 4, 342–345.CrossRef

Ekman, P., Davidson, R. J., & Friesen, W. V. (1990). The Duchenne smile: Emotional expression and brain physiology: II. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 342–353.PubMedCrossRef

Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1976). Pictures of facial affect. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1982). Felt, false, and miserable smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 6, 238–258.CrossRef

Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Hager, J. C. (2002). The facial action coding system (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City, UT: Research Nexus eBook.

Frank, M. G., & Ekman, P. (1993). Not all smiles are created equal: The differences between enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles. Humor, 6, 9–26.CrossRef

Frank, M. G., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1993). Behavioral markers and recognizability of the smile of enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 83–93.PubMedCrossRef

Gosselin, P., Kirouac, G., & Doré, F. Y. (1995). Components and recognition of facial expression in the communication of emotion by actors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 83–96.PubMedCrossRef

Gosselin, P., Perron, M., & Beaupré, M. (2010). The voluntary control of facial action units in adults. Emotion, 10, 266–271.PubMedCrossRef

Gosselin, P., Perron, M., Legault, M., & Campanella, P. (2002). Children’s and adults’ knowledge of the distinction between enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 26, 83–108.CrossRef

Hall, J. A. (1984). Nonverbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Hecht, M. A., & LaFrance, M. (1998). License or obligation to smile: The effect of power and sex on amount and type of smiling. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1332–1342.CrossRef

Hess, U., & Bourgeois, P. (2010). You smile–I smile: Emotion expression in social interaction. Biological Psychology, 84, 514–520.PubMedCrossRef

Keltner, D. (1995). Signs of appeasement: Evidence for the distinct displays of embarrassment, amusement, and shame. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 441–454.CrossRef

Kring, A. M., & Gordon, A. H. (1998). Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 686–703.PubMedCrossRef

Krumhuber, E., & Kappas, A. (2005). Moving smiles: The role of dynamic components for the perception of the genuineness of smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 29, 3–24.CrossRef

Krumhuber, E. G., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2009). Can Duchenne smiles be feigned? New evidence on felt and false smiles. Emotion, 9, 807–820.PubMedCrossRef

LaFrance, M., Hecht, M. A., & Levy Paluck, E. (2003). The contingent smile: A meta-analysis of gender differences in smiling. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 305–334.PubMedCrossRef

Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1990). Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity. Psychophysiology, 27, 363–384.PubMedCrossRef

Matsumoto, D., Keltner, D., Shiota, M. N., O’Sullivan, M., & Frank, M. (2008). Facial expressions of emotion. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. Feldman Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 211–234). New York: Guilford Press.

Mehu, M., Mortillaro, M., Bänziger, T., & Scherer, K. R. (2012). Reliable facial muscle activation enhances recognizability and credibility of emotional expression. Emotion, 12, 701–715.PubMedCrossRef

Papa, A., & Bonanno, G. A. (2008). Smiling in the face of adversity: The interpersonal and intrapersonal functions of smiling. Emotion, 8, 1–12.PubMedCrossRef

Schmidt, K. L., Ambadar, Z., Cohn, J. F., & Reed, L. I. (2006). Movement differences between deliberate and spontaneous facial expressions: Zygomaticus major action in smiling. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 30, 37–52.PubMedCrossRef

Smith, M. C., Smith, M. K., & Ellgring, H. (1996). Spontaneous and posed facial expression in Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2, 383–391.PubMedCrossRef

Soussignan, R. (2002). Duchenne smile, emotional experience, and autonomic reactivity: A test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Emotion, 2, 52–74.PubMedCrossRef

Surakka, V., & Hietanen, J. K. (1998). Facial and emotional reactions to Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 29, 23–33.PubMedCrossRef

Woodzicka, J. A. (2008). Sex differences in self-awareness of smiling during a mock job interview. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 32, 109–121.CrossRef

Zuckerman, M., Lipets, M. S., Koivumaki, J. H., & Rosenthal, R. (1975). Encoding and decoding nonverbal cues of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 1068–1076.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: The Deliberate Duchenne Smile: Individual Differences in Expressive Control
verfasst von: Sarah D. Gunnery
Judith A. Hall
Mollie A. Ruben
Publikationsdatum: 01.03.2013
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior / Ausgabe 1/2013
Print ISSN: 0191-5886
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-3653
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-012-0139-4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2013

Weather and Smiling Contagion: A Quasi Experiment with the Smiling Sunshine

Cultural Similarities and Differences in Emblematic Gestures

Ad-Hoc Reviewers from 2012

What’s in a Kiss? Spatial Experience Shapes Directional Bias During Kissing