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Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Loaded on Zein as an Efficient and Green Adsorbent: Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm

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Abstract

This study is based on the application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles loaded on Zein (Zein/nHAp) as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Congo red from aqueous solutions. The properties of the adsorbent were characterized using various techniques including FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and BET. The influence of five parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage on the removal percentage of the dye was investigated. The optimum conditions of 5.83, 34.32 °C, 5.20 min, 392.10 ppm, and 0.007 g were achieved for pH, temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage, respectively. The maximum removal percentage of 99.48% was obtained under the optimum condition that exhibited high adsorption potential of the used adsorbent. Central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were utilized for optimization of parameters. Comparison of the results of the two models in terms of coefficient of determination (R2) and mean absolute percentage error confirmed the prediction potential of CCD and ANN-GA. Higher ability and accuracy of ANN-GA in prediction was found based on given results. The experimental equilibrium data were studied by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevic isotherm models and explored that the data well presented by Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 416.66 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic was well-fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamics of the adsorption displayed spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. Regeneration investigation showed that Zein/nHAp can impressively be reused, indicating that the adsorbent was a promising one for the removal of Congo red from aqueous solution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate Shahrekord University and the Center of Excellence for Mathematics, Shahrekord University. The authors also wish to thank Mehdi Javaheran Yazd for his assistance in various stages of the work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Shahrekord, P. O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran

    Shima Ghanavati Nasab & Abolfazl Semnani

  2. Chemistry Department, Payame Noor University, Tehran, 19395-3697, Iran

    Abbas Teimouri, Homa Kahkesh & Saeed Habibollahi

  3. Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University-Arak Branch, P. O. Box 38135-567, Arak, Iran

    Tahereh Momeni Isfahani

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  1. Shima Ghanavati Nasab
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  2. Abolfazl Semnani
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Correspondence to Abolfazl Semnani.

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Ghanavati Nasab, S., Semnani, A., Teimouri, A. et al. Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Loaded on Zein as an Efficient and Green Adsorbent: Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm. J Polym Environ 26, 3677–3697 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1246-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1246-z

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