Abstract
We prove a nonstochastic version of Lévy’s zero–one law and deduce several corollaries from it, including nonstochastic versions of Kolmogorov’s zero–one law and the ergodicity of Bernoulli shifts. Our secondary goal is to explore the basic definitions of game-theoretic probability theory, with Lévy’s zero–one law serving a useful role.
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Acknowledgements
Our thinking about Lévy’s zero–one law was influenced by a preliminary draft of [2]. We are grateful to Gert de Cooman for his questions that inspired some of the results in Sect. 3 of this article. This article has benefitted very much from a close reading by its anonymous referee, whose penetrating comments have led to a greatly improved presentation (in particular, Lemmas 1, 2, 4, 5 and the final statements of Theorem 2 and Lemma 8 are due to him or her) and helped us correct a vacuous statement in a previous version. Andrzej Ruszczyński has brought to our attention the literature on coherent measures of risk. Our work has been supported in part by EPSRC grant EP/F002998/1.
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Shafer, G., Vovk, V. & Takemura, A. Lévy’s Zero–One Law in Game-Theoretic Probability. J Theor Probab 25, 1–24 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10959-011-0390-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10959-011-0390-3
Keywords
- Doob’s martingale convergence theorem
- Ergodicity of Bernoulli shifts
- Kolmogorov’s zero–one law
- Lévy’s martingale convergence theorem