Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Carbon nanoparticles as effective nucleating agents for polypropylene

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of four nucleating agents on the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The nucleating agents are: carbon nanofibers (CNF), carbon nanotubes (CNT), lithium benzoate and dimethyl-benzylidene sorbitol.

Avramișs model is used to analyze the isothermal crystallization kinetics of iPP.

Based on the increase in crystallization temperature (T c) and the decrease in half-life time (τ½) for crystallization, the most efficient nucleating agents are the CNF and CNT, at concentrations as low as 0.001 mass%. Sorbitol and lithium benzoate show to be less efficient, while the sorbitol needs to be present at concentrations above 0.05 mass% to even act as nucleating agent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. J. Kissel and J. A. Meyer, Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites, Haruton G. Karian RheTech, Inc., p. 11.

  2. K. Nagarajan, K. Levon and A. S. Myerson, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 59 (2000) 497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. C. Marco, G. Ellis, M. A. Gomez and J. M. Arribas, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 68 (2002) 61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. E. P. Moore, Polypropylene Handbook, Hanser/Gardner Publications, Inc. 1996, p. 190.

  5. M. Varma-Nair and P. K. Agarwal, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 59 (2000) 483.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. T. L. Smith, M. Divakaran, L. K. Bui, Y. P. Khanna, R. G. Bray, W. B. Hammond, S. Curran, J. J. Belles and S. Binder-Castelli, Macromolecules, 27 (1994) 3147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. H. N. Beck, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 11 (1967) 673.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Feng, X. Jin and J. N. Hay, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 69 (1998) 2089.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Nagasawa, A. Fujimori, T. Masuko and M. Iguchi, Polymer, 46 (2005) 5241.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Y. Zhang and Z. Xin, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 100 (2006) 4868.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. L. Valentini, J. Biagiotti, M. A. Lopez-Manchado, S. Santucci and J. M. Kenny, Polym. Eng. Sci., 44 (2004) 303.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Sandler, G. Broza, M. Nolte, K. Schulte, Y.-M. Lam and M. S. P. Shaffer, J. Macromol. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., B42 (2003) 479.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. E. Assouline, A. Lustiger, A. H. Barber, C. A. Cooper, E. Klein, E. Wachtel and H. D. Wagner, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 41 (2003) 520.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Y. Mubarak, P. J. Martin and E. Harkin-Jones, Plast., Rubber Compos., 29 (2000) 307.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Kristensen, T. Tervoort and P. Smith, Macromolecules, 38 (2005) 10461.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Kristensen, M. Werner, T. Tervoort, P. Smith, M. Blomenhofer and H. Schmidt, Macromolecules, 36 (2003) 5150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Al-Ghazawi and R. P. Sheldon, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 21 (1983) 347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Varga, Polypropylene: Structure, Blends Compos., 1 (1995) 56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Z. Weiping, Z. Guangping, Y. Jianyoung and D. Gance, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91 (2004) 431.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Ji-Dong, C. H. Man Ken, Y. Ming-Shu and Q. Zongneng, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89 (2003) 3404.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. L. Valentini, J. Biagiotti and M. A. Lopez-Manchado, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89 (2003) 2657.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Arroyo, R. Zitzumbo and F. Avalos, Polymer, 41 (2000) 6351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. G. Zhang, J. Yu, Z. Xin, Q. Gui and S. Wang, J. Macromol. Sci., Part B: Physics, 42 (2003) 663.

    Google Scholar 

  24. L. Wang, J. Sheng and S. Wu, Macromol. Sci., Part B: Physics, 43 (2004) 935.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Blvd. V. Carranza and Glz. Lobo, 25000, Saltillo Coahuila, Mexico

    S. Reyes-de Vaaben, A. Aguilar & F. Avalos

  2. Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. E. Reyna #140, 25253 Saltillo Coahuila, Saltillo Coahuila, Mexico

    L. F. Ramos-de Valle

Authors
  1. S. Reyes-de Vaaben
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Aguilar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. Avalos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. L. F. Ramos-de Valle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Reyes-de Vaaben, S., Aguilar, A., Avalos, F. et al. Carbon nanoparticles as effective nucleating agents for polypropylene. J Therm Anal Calorim 93, 947–952 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-007-8591-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-007-8591-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation