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Thermal analysis of a white calcium bentonite

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Abstract

A white calcium bentonite (CaB) taken from Çamlıdere (Ankara, Turkey) region was heated at various temperatures between 100 and 1100 °C for 2 h. The mineralogy of the CaB was determined as calcium smectite (CaS), metahalloysite (MH), opal-A (OA), opal-CT (OCT), quartz (Q), feldspar (F), and calcite (C) using the X-ray diffraction patterns of the natural CaB and its heated samples. Besides the XRD patterns, the thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (N2-AD) data show that the CaS lose adsorbed and hydration water up to 300 °C, dehydroxylation takes place between 300 and 750 °C, and then the 2:1 layer structure completely collapses above 900 °C. The activation energies for the dehydration and dehydroxylation were calculated as 7636 and 48838 J mol−1, respectively, from the TG data using Coats and Redfern method. The specific surface area (S) and specific micro–mesopore volume (V) obtained from N2-AD data were 44 m2 g−1 and 0.100 cm3 g−1 for the natural CaB. S and V reach their maxima of 105 m2 g−1 and 0.155 cm3 g−1, respectively, at 300 °C, remain approximately constant as the temperature increases up to 700 °C and then decrease almost in parallel with each other, reaching their minima at 900 °C. This indicates that the S and V values increase gradually during dehydration and dehydroxylation of the CaS.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank to Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) and Ankara University Research Foundation for supporting this work under the project 107T622 and 2003.05.07.083.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atatürk Faculty on Education, Marmara University, Göztepe, İstanbul, Turkey

    Hale Bayram

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Tandoğan, 06100, Ankara, Turkey

    Müşerref Önal, Hamza Yılmaz & Yüksel Sarıkaya

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  1. Hale Bayram
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Bayram, H., Önal, M., Yılmaz, H. et al. Thermal analysis of a white calcium bentonite. J Therm Anal Calorim 101, 873–879 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0626-y

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