Abstract
The precursor of nanocrystalline BiFeO3 was obtained by solid-state reaction at low heat using Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, FeSO4·7H2O, and Na2CO3·10H2O as raw materials. The nanocrystalline BiFeO3 was obtained by calcining the precursor. The precursor and its calcined products were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The data showed that highly crystallization BiFeO3 with rhombohedral structure (space group R3c (161)) was obtained when the precursor was calcined at 873 K for 2 h. The thermal process of the precursor experienced three steps, which involve the dehydration of adsorption water, hydroxide, and decomposition of carbonates at first, and then crystallization of BiFeO3, and at last decomposition of BiFeO3 and formation of orthorhombic Bi2Fe4O9. The mechanism and kinetics of the crystallization process of BiFeO3 were studied using DSC and XRD techniques, the results show that activation energy of the crystallization process of BiFeO3 is 126.49 kJ mol−1, and the mechanism of crystallization process of BiFeO3 is the random nucleation and growth of nuclei reaction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Michel C, Moreau JM, Achenbach GD, Gerson R, James WJ. The atomic structure of BiFeO3. Solid State Commun. 1969;7:701–4.
Smolenskii GA, Isupov VA, Agranovskaya AI, Krainik NN. New ferroelectrics of complex composition. Sov Phys Solid State. 1961;2:2651–4.
Smolenskii GA, Yudin VM, Sher ES, Stolypin YE. Antiferromagnetic properties of some perovskites. Sov Phys JETP. 1963;16:622–4.
Moreau JM, Michel C, Gerson R, James WJ. Ferroelectric BiFeO3 X-ray and neutron diffraction study. J Phys Chem Solids. 1971;32:1315–20.
Bucci JD, Robertson BK, James WJ. The precision determination of the lattice parameters and the coefficients of thermal expansion of BiFeO3. J Appl Cryst. 1972;5:187–91.
Kubel F, Schmid H. Structure of a ferroelectric and ferroelastic monodomain crystal of the perovskite BiFeO 3 . Acta Cryst. 1990;46:698–702.
Palkar VR, Pinto R. BiFeO3 thin films: novel effects. J Phys. 2002;58:1003–8.
Wang YP, Zhou L, Zhang MF, Chen XY, Liu JM, Liu ZG. Room-temperature saturated ferroelectric polarization in BiFeO3 ceramics synthesized by rapid liquid phase sintering. Appl Phys Lett. 2004;84:1731–3.
Ederer C, Spaldin NA. Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite. Phys Rev B. 2005;71:060401–4.
Sosnowska I, Neumaier TP, Steichele E. Spiral magnetic ordering in bismuth ferrite. J Phys C Solid State Phys. 1982;15:835–46.
Jia DC, Xu JH, Ke H, Wang W, Zhou Y. Structure and multiferroic properties of BiFeO3 powders. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2009;29:3099–103.
Park TJ, Papaefthymiou GC, Viescas AJ, Moodenbaugh AR, Wong SS. Size-dependent magnetic properties of single-crystalline multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2007;7:766–72.
Mazumder R, Sujatha Devi P, Bhattacharya D, Choudhury P, Sen A, Raja M. Ferromagnetism in nanoscale BiFeO3. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;91:062510–2.
Lee YH, Wu JM, Lai CH. Influence of La doping in multiferroic properties of BiFeO3 thin films. Appl Phys Lett. 2006;88:042903–5.
Lebeugle D, Colson D, Forget A, Viret M. Very large spontaneous electric polarization in BiFeO3 single crystals at room temperature and its evolution under cycling fields. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;91:022907–9.
Jiang QH, Nan CW, Wang Y, Liu YH, Shen ZJ. Synthesis and properties of multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics. J Electroceram. 2008;21:690–3.
Yuan GL, Or SW, Wang YP, Liu ZG, Liu JM. Preparation and multi-properties of insulated single-phase BiFeO3 ceramics. Solid State Commun. 2006;138:76–81.
Choudhary RNP, Pradhan DK, Bonilla GE, Katiyar RS. Effect of La-substitution on structural and dielectric properties of Bi(Sc1/2Fe1/2)O3 ceramics. J Alloys Compd. 2007;437:220–4.
Ke H, Wang W, Wang YB, Xu JH, Jia DC, Lu Z, Zhou Y. Factors controlling pure-phase multiferroic BiFeO3 powders synthesized by chemical co-precipitation. J Alloys Compd. 2011;509:2192–7.
Das N, Majumdar R, Sen A, Maiti HS. Nanosized bismuth ferrite powder prepared through sonochemical and microemulsion techniques. Mater Lett. 2007;61:2100–4.
Szafraniak I, Polomska M, Hilczer B, Pietraszko A, Kepiński L. Characterization of BiFeO3 nanopowder obtained by mechanochemical synthesis. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2007;27:4399–402.
Basu S, Pal M, Chakravorty D. Magnetic properties of hydrothermally synthesized BiFeO3 nanoparticles. J Mag Mag Mater. 2008;320:3361–5.
Cho CM, Noh JH, Cho IS, An JS, Hong KS, Kim JY. Low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of pure BiFeO3 nanopowders using triethanolamine and their applications as visible-light photocatalysts. J Am Ceram Soc. 2008;91:3753–5.
Fruth V, Mitoseriu L, Berger D, Ianculescu A, Matei C, Preda S, Zaharescu M. Preparation and characterization of BiFeO3 ceramic. Prog Solid State Chem. 2007;35:193–202.
Farhadi S, Zaidi M. Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) nanopowder prepared by sucrose-assisted combustion method: a novel and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for acetylation of amines, alcohols and phenols under solvent-free conditions. J Mol Catal A Chem. 2009;299:18–25.
Ghosh S, Dasgupta S, Sen A, Himadri Sekhar Maiti HS. Low temperature synthesis of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles by a ferrioxalate precursor method. Mater Res Bull. 2005;40:2073–9.
Kim JK, Kim SS, Kim WJ. Sol–gel synthesis and properties of multiferroic BiFeO3. Mater. Lett. 2005;59:4006–9.
Xu JH, Ke H, Jia DC, Wang W, Zhou Y. Low-temperature synthesis of BiFeO3 nanopowders via a sol–gel method. J Alloys Compd. 2009;472:473–7.
Popa M, Crespo D, Calderon-Moreno JM, Preda S. Synthesis and structural characterization of single-phase BiFeO3 powders from a polymeric precursor. J Am Ceram Soc. 2007;90:2723–7.
Selbach SM, Einarsrud MA, Tybell T, Grande T. Synthesis of BiFeO3 by wet chemical methods. J Am Ceram Soc. 2007;90:3430–4.
Wei J, Xue DS. Low-temperature synthesis of BiFeO3 nanoparticles by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complexing sol–gel process. Mater Res Bull. 2008;43:3368–73.
Xian T, Yang H, Shen X, Jiang JL, Wei ZQ, Feng WJ. Preparation of high-quality BiFeO3 nanopowders via a polyacrylamide gel route. J Alloys Compd. 2009;480:889–92.
He XB, Lian Gao L. Synthesis of pure phase BiFeO3 powders in molten alkali metal nitrates. Ceram. Int. 2009;35:975–8.
Navarro MC, Lagarrigue MC, De Paoli JM, Carbonio RE, Gómez MI. A new method of synthesis of BiFeO3 prepared by thermal decomposition of Bi[Fe(CN)6]·4H2O. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;102:655–60.
Wu XH, Wu WW, Li SS, Cui XM, Liao S. Kinetics and thermodynamics of thermal decomposition of NH4NiPO4·6H2O. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2011;103:805–12.
Kissinger HE. Reaction kinetics in differential thermal analysis. Anal Chem. 1957;29:1702–6.
Avrami M. Kinetics of phase change. I general theory. J Chem Phys. 1939;7:1103–12.
Avrami M. Kinetics of phase change. II transformation-time relations for random distribution of nuclei. J Chem Phys. 1940;8:212–24.
Avrami M. Granulation, phase change, and microstructure kinetics of phase change. III. J Chem Phys. 1941;9:177–84.
Wu XH, Wu WW, Liu C, Li SS, Liao S, Cai JC. Synthesis of layered sodium manganese phosphate via low-heating solid-state reaction and its properties. Chin J Chem. 2010;28:2394–8.
Liu C, Wu XH, Wu WW, Cai JC, Liao S. Preparation of nanocrystalline LiMnPO4 via a simple and novel method and its isothermal kinetics of crystallization. J Mater Sci. 2011;46:2474–8.
Li ZJ, Shen XQ, Feng X, Wang PY, Wu ZS. Non-isothermal kinetics studies on the thermal decomposition of zinc hydroxide carbonate. Thermochim Acta. 2005;438:102–6.
Carvalho TT, Tavares PB. Synthesis and thermodynamic stability of multiferroic BiFeO3. Mater Lett. 2008;62:3984–6.
Carmen Paraschiv B. Jurca, Adelina Ianculescu, and Oana Carp. Synthesis of nanosized bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) by a combustion method starting from Fe(NO3)3·9H2O–Bi(NO3)3·9H2O–glycine or urea systems. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;94:411–6.
Takei T, Kameshima Y, Yasumori A, Okada K. Crystallization kinetics of mullite from Al2O3–SiO2 glasses under non-isothermal conditions. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2001;21:2487–93.
Johnson BR, Kriven WM, Schneider J. Crystal structure development during devitrification of quenched mullite. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2001;21:2541–62.
Boonchom B, Danvirutai C. Kinetics and thermodynamics of thermal decomposition of synthetic AlPO4·2H2O. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;98:771–7.
Acknowledgements
This study was financially supported by the Guangxi Natural Scientific Foundation of China (Grant No. 2011GXNSFA018036), and the Guangxi Science and Technology Agency Research Item of China (Grant No. 0992001-5).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, X., Wu, W., Cui, X. et al. Preparation of nanocrystalline BiFeO3 via a simple and novel method and its kinetics of crystallization. J Therm Anal Calorim 107, 625–632 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1483-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1483-z