Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of graphene-based aqueous nanofluids

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, experiments on pool boiling heat transfer of graphene nanofluids on a flat heater surface (40 mm diameter) were conducted under the saturated boiling and atmospheric pressure. This study also examined the thermal conductivity behavior of nanofluids based on graphene and functionalized graphene (PEG-graphene). The characteristics of pool boiling heat transfer such as boiling heat transfer coefficient (HTC), critical heat flux (CHF) as a function of heat flux and mass fraction of graphene sheets water-based graphene nanofluids have been measured and discussed. In addition, effective thermal conductivities versus temperatures for different concentrations of graphene were determined. From the boiling experimental results, it was indicated that the enhancement of boiling HTC and CHF changes considerably via increasing the concentration of graphene sheets. The results demonstrated that at the same temperature and concentration, thermal conductivity of nanofluid including PEG-graphene was significantly higher than that of one including pure graphene. In PEG-graphene/water nanofluids, CHF increased as the concentration increased. The results indicated that the enhancement in CHF was above 72% at the concentration of 0.1 mass%. The results demonstrated that PEG-graphene nanofluids at all concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mass%) have a suitable dispersion and fewer tendencies for agglomeration and precipitation, compared to graphene without functionalization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ahn HS, Kim JM, Park C, Jang J-W, Lee JS, Kim H, et al. A novel role of three dimensional graphene foam to prevent heater failure during boiling. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Soleymaniha M, Felts JR. Design of a heated micro-cantilever optimized for thermo-capillary driven printing of molten polymer nanostructures. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2016;101:166–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhang C, Cheng P. Mesoscale simulations of boiling curves and boiling hysteresis under constant wall temperature and constant heat flux conditions. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2017;110:319–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Choi SU, Eastman JA. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. Illinois: Argonne National Lab.; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Amiri A, Shanbedi M, Dashti H. Thermophysical and rheological properties of water-based graphene quantum dots nanofluids. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2017;76:132–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Amiri A, Shanbedi M, Ahmadi G, Rozali S. Transformer oils-based graphene quantum dots nanofluid as a new generation of highly conductive and stable coolant. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2017;83:40–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Salimi-Yasar H, Heris SZ, Shanbedi M, Amiri A, Kameli A. Experimental investigation of thermal properties of cutting fluid using soluble oil-based TiO 2 nanofluid. Powder Technol. 2017;310:213–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Amiri A, Shanbedi M, Rafieerad A, Rashidi MM, Zaharinie T, Zubir MNM, et al. Functionalization and exfoliation of graphite into mono layer graphene for improved heat dissipation. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2017;71:480–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Imani-Mofrad P, Saeed ZH, Shanbedi M. Experimental investigation of filled bed effect on the thermal performance of a wet cooling tower by using ZnO/water nanofluid. Energy Convers Manag. 2016;127:199–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hosseinipour E, Heris SZ, Shanbedi M. Experimental investigation of pressure drop and heat transfer performance of amino acid-functionalized MWCNT in the circular tube. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124(1):205–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Shanbedi M, Heris SZ, Amiri A, Hosseinipour E, Eshghi H, Kazi S. Synthesis of aspartic acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes based water coolant and experimental investigation of thermal and hydrodynamic properties in circular tube. Energy Convers Manag. 2015;105:1366–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hemmat Esfe M, Saedodin S. Turbulent forced convection heat transfer and thermophysical properties of Mgo–water nanofluid with consideration of different nanoparticles diameter, an empirical study. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;119(2):1205–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-4197-1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Raei B, Shahraki F, Jamialahmadi M, Peyghambarzadeh SM. Experimental study on the heat transfer and flow properties of γ-Al2O3/water nanofluid in a double-tube heat exchanger. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;127(3):2561–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5868-x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Arabpour A, Karimipour A, Toghraie D. The study of heat transfer and laminar flow of kerosene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanofluid in the microchannel heat sink with slip boundary condition. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6649-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hosseinzadeh M, Heris SZ, Beheshti A, Shanbedi M. Convective heat transfer and friction factor of aqueous Fe3O4 nanofluid flow under laminar regime. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124(2):827–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-5113-z.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Amiri A, Zubir MNM, Dimiev AM, Teng KH, Shanbedi M, Kazi SN, et al. Facile, environmentally friendly, cost effective and scalable production of few-layered graphene. Chem Eng J. 2017;326:1105–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.06.046.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Shazali SS, Amiri A, Zubir MNM, Rozali S, Zabri MZ, Sabri MFM, et al. Investigation of the thermophysical properties and stability performance of non-covalently functionalized graphene nanoplatelets with Pluronic P-123 in different solvents. Mater Chem Phys. 2018;206:94–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Geim AK, Novoselov KS. The rise of graphene. Nat Mater. 2007;6(3):183–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Li X, Cai W, An J, Kim S, Nah J, Yang D, et al. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science. 2009;324(5932):1312–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Amiri A, Shanbedi M, Ahmadi G, Eshghi H, Kazi S, Chew B, et al. Mass production of highly-porous graphene for high-performance supercapacitors. Scientific reports. 2016;6:32686.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Amiri A, Shanbedi M, Chew B, Kazi S, Solangi K. Toward improved engine performance with crumpled nitrogen-doped graphene based water–ethylene glycol coolant. Chem Eng J. 2016;289:583–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Amiri A, Ahmadi G, Shanbedi M, Etemadi M, Mohd Zubir MN, Chew BT, et al. Heat transfer enhancement of water-based highly crumpled few-layer graphene nanofluids. RSC Advances. 2016;6(107):105508–27. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA22365F.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ghozatloo A, Shariaty-Niasar M, Rashidi AM. Preparation of nanofluids from functionalized graphene by new alkaline method and study on the thermal conductivity and stability. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2013;42:89–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ţucureanu V, Matei A, Avram AM. FTIR spectroscopy for carbon family study. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2016;46(6):502–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Piner RD, Kohlhaas KA, Kleinhammes A, Jia Y, et al. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon. 2007;45(7):1558–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mohd Zubir MN, Badarudin A, Kazi S, Nay Ming H, Sadri R, Amiri A. Investigation on the use of graphene oxide as novel surfactant for stabilizing carbon based materials. J Dispersion Sci Technol. 2016;37(10):1395–407.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kathiravan R, Kumar R, Gupta A, Chandra R. Preparation and pool boiling characteristics of copper nanofluids over a flat plate heater. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2010;53(9):1673–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mourgues A, Hourtané V, Muller T, Caron-Charles M. Boiling behaviors and critical heat flux on a horizontal and vertical plate in saturated pool boiling with and without ZnO nanofluid. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2013;57(2):595–607.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kim JM, Kim T, Kim J, Kim MH, Ahn HS. Effect of a graphene oxide coating layer on critical heat flux enhancement under pool boiling. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2014;77:919–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Amiri A, Shanbedi M, Amiri H, Heris SZ, Kazi SN, Chew BT, et al. Pool boiling heat transfer of CNT/water nanofluids. Appl Therm Eng. 2014;71(1):450–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jaikumar A, Gupta A, Kandlikar SG, Yang C-Y, Su C-Y. Scale effects of graphene and graphene oxide coatings on pool boiling enhancement mechanisms. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2017;109:357–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kamatchi R, Venkatachalapathy S. Parametric study of pool boiling heat transfer with nanofluids for the enhancement of critical heat flux: a review. Int J Therm Sci. 2015;87:228–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hashemi M, Noie SH. Study of flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of critical heat flux using carbon nanotubes and water nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;130(3):2199–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6661-1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Solangi K, Amiri A, Luhur M, Ghavimi SAA, Kazi S, Badarudin A, et al. Experimental investigation of heat transfer performance and frictional loss of functionalized GNP-based water coolant in a closed conduit flow. RSC Advances. 2016;6(6):4552–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Solangi K, Amiri A, Luhur M, Ghavimi SAA, Zubir MNM, Kazi S, et al. Experimental investigation of the propylene glycol-treated graphene nanoplatelets for the enhancement of closed conduit turbulent convective heat transfer. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2016;73:43–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sarsam WS, Amiri A, Kazi S, Badarudin A. Stability and thermophysical properties of non-covalently functionalized graphene nanoplatelets nanofluids. Energy Convers Manag. 2016;116:101–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Amiri A, Shanbedi M, Ahmadi G, Eshghi H, Chew B, Kazi S. Microwave-assisted direct coupling of graphene nanoplatelets with poly ethylene glycol and 4-phenylazophenol molecules for preparing stable-colloidal system. Colloids Surf, A. 2015;487:131–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Peng X, Li Y, Zhang G, Zhang F, Fan X. Functionalization of graphene with nitrile groups by cycloaddition of tetracyanoethylene oxide. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2013;2013:11.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hou S, Cuellari RD, Hakimi NHH, Patel K, Shah P, Gorring M et al. Amino terminated polyethylene glycol functionalized graphene and its water solubility. In: MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive. 2009;1205.

  40. Ham J, Kim H, Shin Y, Cho H. Experimental investigation of pool boiling characteristics in Al 2 O 3 nanofluid according to surface roughness and concentration. Int J Therm Sci. 2017;114:86–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Sarafraz M, Kiani T, Hormozi F. Critical heat flux and pool boiling heat transfer analysis of synthesized zirconia aqueous nano-fluids. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2016;70:75–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Trisaksri V, Wongwises S. Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of TiO 2–R141b nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2009;52(5):1582–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Loong TT, Salleh H, editors. A review on measurement techniques of apparent thermal conductivity of nanofluids. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 2017: IOP Publishing.

  44. Iyahraja S, Rajadurai JS. Study of thermal conductivity enhancement of aqueous suspensions containing silver nanoparticles. AIP Adv. 2015;5(5):057103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Shanbedi M, Heris SZ, Amiri A, Eshghi H. Synthesis of water-soluble Fe-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes: a study on thermo-physical properties of ferromagnetic nanofluid. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2016;60:547–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2015.10.008.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Shamaeil M, Firouzi M, Fakhar A. The effects of temperature and volume fraction on the thermal conductivity of functionalized DWCNTs/ethylene glycol nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;126(3):1455–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5548-x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Toghraie D, Chaharsoghi VA, Afrand M. Measurement of thermal conductivity of ZnO–TiO2/EG hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;125(1):527–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5436-4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Singh A. Thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Defence Science Journal. 2008;58(5):600.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Nasiri A, Shariaty-Niasar M, Rashidi A, Amrollahi A, Khodafarin R. Effect of dispersion method on thermal conductivity and stability of nanofluid. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci. 2011;35(4):717–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Baby TT, Ramaprabhu S. Investigation of thermal and electrical conductivity of graphene based nanofluids. J Appl Phys. 2010;108(12):124308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Shanbedi M, Amiri A, Heris SZ, Eshghi H, Yarmand H. Effect of magnetic field on thermo-physical and hydrodynamic properties of different metals-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based water coolants in a closed conduit. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;131:1089–1106.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Ramesh G, Prabhu NK. Review of thermo-physical properties, wetting and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids and their applicability in industrial quench heat treatment. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011;6(1):334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Kole M, Dey T. Thermophysical and pool boiling characteristics of ZnO-ethylene glycol nanofluids. Int J Therm Sci. 2012;62:61–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Rohsenow WM. A method of correlating heat transfer data for surface boiling of liquids. Cambridge: MIT Division of Industrial Cooperation; 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Zuber N. Hydrodynamic aspects of boiling heat transfer (thesis): Ramo-Wooldridge Corp., Los Angeles, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). 1959.

  56. Amiri A, Shanbedi M, AliAkbarzade MJ. The specific heat capacity, effective thermal conductivity, density, and viscosity of coolants containing carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Dispers Sci Technol. 2016;37:949–955.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Sarafraz M, Hormozi F, Silakhori M, Peyghambarzadeh S. On the fouling formation of functionalized and non-functionalized carbon nanotube nano-fluids under pool boiling condition. Appl Therm Eng. 2016;95:433–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Department of Chemical Engineering, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, for the support to this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran

    Amir Akbari, Seyed Ali Alavi Fazel, Sarah Maghsoodi & Amirhossein Shahbazi Kootenaei

Authors
  1. Amir Akbari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Seyed Ali Alavi Fazel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sarah Maghsoodi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amirhossein Shahbazi Kootenaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seyed Ali Alavi Fazel.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Akbari, A., Alavi Fazel, S.A., Maghsoodi, S. et al. Pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of graphene-based aqueous nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 697–711 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7182-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7182-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation