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Heat transfer performance of a compact loop heat pipe with alumina and silver nanofluid

A comparative study

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Abstract

The heat transfer performance and entropy analysis are done in a compact loop heat pipe (CLHP) with Al2O3/water and Ag/water nanofluid. A compact loop heat pipe having a flat square evaporator with dimensions of 34 mm (L) × 34 mm (W) × 19 mm (H) has been fabricated and tested for the heat load ranging from 30 to 500 W. The experimental tests are conducted by keeping the CLHP in the vertical orientation with distilled water, silver (Ag)/water and aluminium oxide (Al2O3)/water nanofluid having low volume concentrations of (0.09% and 0.12%). The effect of wall and vapour temperature, evaporator and condenser heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance on the applied heat loads is experimentally investigated and compared. The experimental results showed that the evaporator thermal resistance is reduced by 34.70% and 20.21%, respectively, for 0.12 vol% of Ag, Al2O3 nanoparticles when compared with that of the distilled water. For the same volume concentrations of Ag, Al2O3 nanoparticles, an enhancement of 34.52%, 23.7%, 39.27% and 30.8%, respectively, observed for the convective heat transfer coefficients at the evaporator and condenser. The entropy is also reduced by 19.08% and 11.58% when Ag and Al2O3 nanofluids are used as the operating fluid. From the experimental tests, it is found that the addition of small amount of Ag nanoparticles in the working fluid enhanced the operating range by 15% when compared with that of Al2O3/water nanofluid without the occurrence of any dry-out conditions.

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Abbreviations

A :

Surface area

Ag:

Silver

Al2O3 :

Aluminium oxide

C:

Centigrade

c :

Specific heat of cooling water

CLHP:

Compact loop heat pipe

Cu:

Copper

CuO:

Copper oxide

DC:

Direct current

DI:

Deionised water

H :

Height

h :

Heat transfer coefficient

HTC:

Heat transfer coefficient

I :

Current

K:

Kelvin

kHz:

Kilo Hertz

L :

Length

LHP:

Loop heat pipe

LPH:

Litres per hour

M:

Meter

m · :

Mass flow rate

min:

Minutes

mLHP:

Miniature loop heat pipe

mm:

Millimetre

nm:

Nanometre

Q :

Applied heat load

Q c :

Heat rejected at condenser

R :

Resistance

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

S ht :

Entropy generation due to heat transfer

S ll :

Entropy generation in liquid line

S vl :

Entropy generation in vapour line

T :

Temperature

TiO2 :

Titanium oxide

V :

Voltage

W :

Width

wt:

Weight

ΔP :

Pressure difference

η :

Efficiency

ρ :

Density

e:

Evaporator

c:

Condenser

w:

Water

ve:

Vapour evaporator

vc:

Vapour condenser

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the funding agency, the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), (SB/FTP/ETA-362/2012), New Delhi, India. They also would like to thank Mr. R. Jaya Seelan, Mr. Y. Selvin Raja and Mr. T. Stephen Sundersingh for all the assistance they have given during this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, India

    Emerald Ninolin Stephen, Lazarus Godson Asirvatham, Brusly Solomon & Gnana Sundari Kondru

  2. Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India

    Ramachandran Kandasamy

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  1. Emerald Ninolin Stephen
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  2. Lazarus Godson Asirvatham
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  3. Ramachandran Kandasamy
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  4. Brusly Solomon
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  5. Gnana Sundari Kondru
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Correspondence to Lazarus Godson Asirvatham.

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Stephen, E.N., Asirvatham, L.G., Kandasamy, R. et al. Heat transfer performance of a compact loop heat pipe with alumina and silver nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 136, 211–222 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7739-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7739-0

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