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Thermal properties and flame retardancy of an intumescent flame-retarded epoxy system containing phosphaphenanthrene, triazine-trione and piperidine

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Abstract

A phosphaphenanthrene/piperidine-containing phenolic derivative (PHTD) was synthesized through the one-pot reaction between triacetonediamine, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide. The intumescent reactive flame-retardant epoxy thermosets (P-0.25, P-0.5, P-0.75 and P-1.0) were composed of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, 1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), 4,4′-diamino-diphenyl sulfone (DDS) and PHTD. Due to the incorporation of PHTD and TGIC, the flame retardancy of EP samples was remarkably improved. For instance, the LOI value and UL94 rating for P-0.75 sample with only 0.75 mass% phosphorus reached 36.6% and V-0. The average of heat release rate, peak of heat release rate and total heat release for P-1.0 system were decreased by 35.6%, 52.5% and 36.4% compared with those for EP/DDS system. During combustion, plenty of PO radicals, hindered amine and isocyanate fragments were generated by the pyrolysis of PHTD and TGIC in gaseous phase, which suppressed the combustion reaction and diluted the fuels. In condensed phase, the pyrolytic products of phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione groups jointly promoted the formation of a compact and intumescent char layer to isolate heat and oxygen. The remarkable improvement of flame retardancy of EP thermoset was ascribed to the flame-retardant effects of PHTD and TGIC in gaseous and condensed phases.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this work by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2018M642924), Hubei Province Postdoctoral Science and Technology Activity Project (No. G73), the National Defense Pre-Research Foundation of China (Grant No. JCKY2016110C008) and Science Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Siqi Huo & Zhitian Liu

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Siqi Huo & Jun Wang

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  1. Siqi Huo
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  2. Zhitian Liu
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  3. Jun Wang
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Correspondence to Zhitian Liu or Jun Wang.

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Huo, S., Liu, Z. & Wang, J. Thermal properties and flame retardancy of an intumescent flame-retarded epoxy system containing phosphaphenanthrene, triazine-trione and piperidine. J Therm Anal Calorim 139, 1099–1110 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08467-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08467-3

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