Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Landscape Diagnosis on Different Space and Time Scales – A Challenge for Landscape Planning

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Landscape Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Landscape diagnosis provides a bridge between scientific knowledge and socio-economic issues that is needed to meet the demands of sophisticated landscape planning and management. The diagnostic assessment of landscape functions (capacities, goods and services supported by the landscape) at different spatio-temporal scales is a valuable tool that can solve the transformation problem. A variety of landscape classification systems – including biophysical and landscape units – can be applied as a spatial reference system. Examples are described from the multitude of approaches to assess landscape functions that can be employed in landscape diagnosis. The theoretical and methodological aspects of the approach are illustrated using examples both from Germany and the Czech Republic. The examples focus on landscape functions such as groundwater recharge, regulation of water balance, and resistance to wind erosion. In addition, the rarity of and threats to landscape types, landscape aesthetic values, and the landscape character and landscape persistence are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • I. Augenstein (2002) Die Ästhetik der Landschaft Weißensee-Verlag Berlin 170

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Bachfischer J. David H. Kiemstedt (1980) Die ökologische Risikoanalyse als Entscheidungsgrundlage für die räumliche Gesamtplanung K. Buchwald W. Engelhardt (Eds) Handbuch für Planung, Gestaltung und Schutz der Umweltvol. 3: Die Bewertung und Planung der Umwelt BLV Verlagsgesellschaft München, Wien, Zürich 524–545

    Google Scholar 

  • Bastian O. 1991. Biotische Komponenten in der Landschaftsforschung und -planung. Probleme ihrer Erfassung und Bewertung. Habil. Thesis., M.-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Germany, 214pp.

  • O. Bastian (1998) ArticleTitleThe assessment of landscape functions – one precondition to define management goals Ekológia (Bratislava) 17(Suppl.) 19–33

    Google Scholar 

  • O. Bastian (1999) Description and analysis of the natural resource base R. Krönert J. Baudry I.R. Bowler A. Reenberg (Eds) Land-Use Changes and their Environmental Impact in Rural Areas in Europe The Parthenon Publ. Group Paris 43–64

    Google Scholar 

  • O. Bastian (2000) ArticleTitleLandscape classification in Saxony (Germany) – a tool for holistic regional planning Landscape Urban Plan. 50 145–155

    Google Scholar 

  • O. Bastian (2001) ArticleTitleLandscape ecology – towards a unified discipline? Landscape Ecol. 16 757–766

    Google Scholar 

  • O. Bastian (2004) Functions, leitbilder and red lists – expression of an integrative landscape concept J. Brandt H. Vejre (Eds) Multifunctional Landscapes Vol. I. Theory, Values and History WITPress Southampton Boston 75–94

    Google Scholar 

  • O. Bastian U. Steinhardt (Eds) (2002) Development and Perspectives of Landscape Ecology Kluwer Acad. Publ. Dordrecht, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • O. Bastian R.-U. Syrbe M. Röder (1999) ArticleTitleBestimmung von Landschaftsfunktionen für heterogene Bezugsräume Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung 31 293–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Buijs A., Pedroli B. and Luginbühl Y. 2006. From hiking through farmland to farming in a leisure landscape: changing social perceptions of the European landscape. Landscape Ecol. (this issue).

  • R. Bukaček P. Matejka (1998) A method of landscape character assessment and protection P. Sklenička P. Zasadil (Eds) Landscape Character: Ways of its Assessment and Protection (in Czech) CZU Praha 32–40

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Čulek (1998) ArticleTitleLandscape character and biogeographical division (in Czech) Ochrana přirody 53 5–10

    Google Scholar 

  • R.S. Groot ParticleDe (1992) Functions of Nature Wolters-Noordhoff Groningen, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Dollinger F. 1988. Die Salzburger Naturraumpotentialkartierung. Salzburger Institut für Raumforschung (Austria), Mitteilungen und Berichte 3+4: 45–60.

  • M. Doms J. Šteffek M. Jančová (1995) ArticleTitleEcological networks in Slovakia Landschap 95 39–50

    Google Scholar 

  • K.-J. Durwen (1995) ArticleTitleNaturraum-Potential und Landschaftsplanung Nürtinger Hochschulschriften 13 45–82

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO 1976. Framework for land evaluation. FAO Soils Bulletin 32, Rome.

  • FAO 1993. Guidelines for land-use planning. FAO Development Series 1, Rome.

  • R.T.T. Forman M. Godron (1986) Landscape Ecology John Wiley & Sons New York, NY, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Glugla G. Fürtig (1997) Dokumentation zur Anwendung des Rechenprogrammes ABIMO Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde Berlin, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Groom G., Mücher C.A., Ihse M. and Wrbka Th. 2006. Remote sensing in landscape ecology: experiences and perspectives in a European context. Landscape Ecol. (this issue).

  • D. Haase G. Haase (2002) Approaches and methods of landscape diagnosis O. Bastian U. Steinhardt (Eds) Development and Perspectives of Landscape Ecology Kluwer Acad. Publ. Dordrecht, The Netherlands 113–122

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Haase (1978) ArticleTitleZur Ableitung und Kennzeichnung von Naturraumpotentialen Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 112 113–125

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Haase (1979) ArticleTitleEntwicklungstendenzen in der geotopologischen und geochorologischen Naturraumerkundung Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 123 7–18

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Haase (1990) ArticleTitleApproaches toand methods of landscape diagnosis as a basis of landscape planning and landscape management Ekológia (Bratislava) 9 11–29

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Haase (1991) ArticleTitleGesellschaftliche und volkswirtschaftliche Anforderungen an den Naturraum Beiträge zur Geographie 34 26–28

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Haase K. Mannsfeld (2002) Naturraumeinheiten, Landschaftsfunktionen und Leitbilder am Beispiel von Sachsen. Forschungen zur deutschen Landeskunde 250 Flensburg Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Jongman R.H.G., Bunce G.H., Metzger M.J., Mücher C.A., Howard D.C. and Mateus V. 2006. Objectives and applications of a statistical environmental stratification of Europe. Landscape Ecol. (this issue).

  • H. Leser (1997) Landschaftsökologie EditionNumber4 Ulmer StuttgartGermany

    Google Scholar 

  • Lingner E. and Carl F.E. 1955. Über die Forschungsarbeit ‘Landschaftsdiagnose der DDR’. Städtebau und Siedlungswesen, pp. 211–220.

  • Lipský Z. 1995. The changing face of the Czech rural landscape. Landscape Urban Plan., Suppl., pp. 39–45.

  • J. Löffler (2002) Landscape spheres O. Bastian U. Steinhardt (Eds) Development and Perspectives of Landscape Ecology Kluwer Acad. Publ. Dordrecht, The Netherlands 49–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Löw J., Kyjovsky S. and Grmelova R. 1997. Methods of landscape character assessment and land protection (in Czech), 25 pp. Brno, unpubl.

  • K. Mannsfeld (1979) ArticleTitleDie Beurteilung von Naturraumpotentialen als Aufgabe der geographischen Landschaftsforschung Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 123 2–6

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Mannsfeld (1985) ArticleTitleLandschaftsdiagnose als Beitrag zur Charakteristik des Landschaftswandels Sitzungsberichte der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 117 57–70

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Mannsfeld (1997) ArticleTitleEtappen und Ergebnisse landschaftsökologischer Forschung in Sachsen Dresdener Geographische Beiträge 1 3–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks R., Müller M.J., Leser H. and Klink H.-J. (eds), 1992. Anleitung zur Bewertung des Leistungsvermögens des Landschaftshaushaltes (BALVL). Forschungen zur deutschen Landeskunde. 229, Flensburg (2nd ed., 1st ed. 1989).

  • B. Meyer R. Krönert U. Steinhardt (2000) Reference areas and dimensions in landscape ecology and application of evaluation functions Ü. Mander R.H.G. Jongmann (Eds) Advances in Ecol Sciences NumberInSeriesVol. 5 Southampton Boston 119–146

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Meynen J. Schmithüsen (1953–1962) Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde Remagen (Germany)

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Michal (1997) ArticleTitlePractical frames of landscape character assessment (in Czech) Ochrana přirody 52 4–10

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Mimra P. Sklenička (1996) ArticleTitleLandscape character (in Czech) Ochrana přirody 51 268–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Z. Naveh (1995) ArticleTitleFrom biodiversity to ecodiversity – new tools for holistic landscape conservation Int. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci. 21 1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Neef (1966) ArticleTitleZur Frage des gebietswirtschaftlichen Potentials Forschungen und Fortschritte 40 65–79

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Neef (1969) ArticleTitleDer Stoffwechsel zwischen Natur und Gesellschaft als geographisches Problem Geographische Rundschau 21 453–459

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Niemann (1977) ArticleTitleEine Methode zur Erarbeitung der Funktionsleistungsgrade von Landschaftselementen Archiv Naturschutz Landschaftsforschung 17 119–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Paffen K.-H. 1953. Die natürliche Landschaft und ihre räumliche Gliederung. Forschungen zur deutschen Landeskunde 68.

  • Palang H., Printsmann A., Konkoly Gyoró E., Urbanc M., Skowronek E. and Woloszyn W. 2006. The forgotten landscapes of Central and Eastern Europe. Landscape Ecol. (this issue).

  • B. Pedroli (Eds) (2000) Landscape – our home Zeist Indigo

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Petry (2001a) Landscape function assessment and regional planning: creating knowledge bases for sustainable landscape development R. Krönert U. Steinhardt M. Volk (Eds) Landscape Balance and Landscape Assessment Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 251–280

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Petry (2001b) Landschaftsfunktionen und planerische Umweltvorsorge auf regionaler Ebene University of Halle/S (Germany)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinto-Correia T., Gustavsson R. and Pirnat J. 2006. Bridging the gap between centrally defined policies and local decisions – towards more sensitive and creative rural landscape management. Landscape Ecol. (this issue).

  • V.S. Preobraženskij (1980) Investigation of landscape systems for nature conservation – structuredynamics and development of landscapes Geograph. Inst. USSR Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Röder R.-U. Syrbe O. Bastian (1999) ArticleTitleBodenveränderungen und Landschaftswandel im Biosphärenreservat Oberlausitzer Heide- und Teichlandschaft Die Erde 130 297–313

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Schlüter (1992) ArticleTitleVegetationsökologische Analyse der Flächennutzungsmosaike Nordostdeutschlands – Natürlichkeitsgrad der Vegetation in den neuen Bundesländern Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung 24 173–180

    Google Scholar 

  • U. Steinhardt M. Volk (Eds) (1999) Regionalisierung in der Landschaftsökologie Teubner Stuttgart, Leipzig (Germany)

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Maarel E. and Dauvellier P.J. 1978. Towards a global ecological model for the spatial development of the Netherlands (in Dutch), Vol. 9. Studierapp. Rijksplanolog. Dienst, The Hague.

  • I. Vorel (1997) ArticleTitleŽdarské vrchy highlands – an assessment of the landscape protected area from the point of view of landscape character (in Czech) Ochrana přirody 52 11–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Wascher D.M. (ed.) 2005. European landscape character areas – typologies, cartography and indicators for the assessment of sustainable landscapes. Final Project Report as deliverable from the EUs Accompanying Measure project European Landscape Character Assessment Initiative (ELCAI), funded under the 5th Framework Programme on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (4.2.2). Landscape EuropeWageningen. 210 pp.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Saxon Academy of Sciences, Neustädter Markt 19 (Blockhaus), D-01097, Dresden, Germany

    Olaf Bastian

  2. Department of Applied Landscape Ecology, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany

    Rudolf Krönert

  3. Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University Prague, Praha, The Czech Republic

    Zdeněk Lipský

Authors
  1. Olaf Bastian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rudolf Krönert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zdeněk Lipský
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Olaf Bastian.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bastian, O., Krönert, R. & Lipský, Z. Landscape Diagnosis on Different Space and Time Scales – A Challenge for Landscape Planning. Landscape Ecol 21, 359–374 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-5224-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-5224-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation