Abstract
Binary image watermarking technology has been the foundation of other anti-counterfeiting techniques such as anti-counterfeit of digital documents and commercial bills and so on. However, researches had been done to hide important data in color image and grayscale image but not enough on binary image. This paper proposes a novel watermarking technique for binary images. First, a binary image is split into multiple thumbnails using a perimeter expansion and sampling operation. Then, the watermarking information is embedded by flipping pixels in the thumbnails to change the number of black pixels. Finally, the watermarked binary image is produced by inverse sampling the thumbnails. The binary image expansion and sampling operation can also be used on a printed and scanned binary image, where the watermarking information is extracted by comparing the difference between the number of black pixels in the thumbnail and the mean value. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is robust to the printing and scanning process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cao H, Kot AC (2012) EAG: Edge adaptive grid data hiding for binary image authentication. In: Signal & information processing association annual summit and conference (APSIPA ASC) Asia-Pacific. IEEE 1–6
Chen J, Chen T-S, Cheng M-W (2003) A new data hiding method in binary image. In: Multimedia software engineering. Proceedings. Fifth International Symposium on. IEEE. 88–93
Daraee F, Mozaffari S (2011) Watermarking in Farsi/Arabic binary document images using fractal coding. In: Information security and cryptology (ISCISC) 8th International ISC Conference on. IEEE 67–72
He B, Wu Y, Kang K, Guo W A (2009) Robust binary text digital watermarking algorithm for print-scan process. In: Computer science and information engineering WRI world congress on. IEEE 290–294
Li R-J, Chang L-W (2006) Data hiding in binary images for annotation by parity check. In: Intelligent signal processing and communications. ISPACS’06. International Symposium on. IEEE 764–767
Lin C-Y, Chang S-F (1999) Distortion modeling and invariant extraction for digital image print-and-scan process. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Multimedia
Qi W-f, Li X-l, Yang B, Cheng D (2008) Document watermarking scheme for information tracking. J Commun 29:183–190
Tan L, Sun X, Sun G (2012) Print-scan resilient text image watermarking based on stroke direction modulation for Chinese document authentication. Radioengineering 21(1):171
Wu M, Liu B (2004) Data hiding in binary image for authentication and annotation. Multimed IEEE Trans 6(4):528–538
Wu M, Tang E, Lin B (2000) Data hiding in digital binary image. In: Multimedia and Expo. ICME 2000. 2000 I.E. International Conference on. IEEE 393–396
Wu H-C, Liu Y-C, Liu K-C, Tsai C-S (2008) A Block-based authentication watermarking technique for binary images. In: Intelligent systems design and applications. ISDA’08. Eighth international conference on. IEEE 513–518
Zhao J, Koch E (1995) Embedding robust labels into images for copyright protection. In: Know right. Citeseer 242–251
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2012BAH91F03) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61370218).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hou, Q., Junping, D., Li, L. et al. Scanned binary image watermarking based on additive model and sampling. Multimed Tools Appl 74, 9407–9426 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2124-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2124-x