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A novel two-dimensional histogram modification for reversible data embedding into stereo H.264 video

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Abstract

Histogram modification (HM) is an efficient technique for reversible data embedding (RDE) into stereo H.264 video. Nevertheless, in the traditional HM, the value of a coefficient is singly modified for embedding data, i.e., the relationships among coefficients are not considered. In this paper, to make full use of the correlation between two coefficients, we present a novel two-dimensional (2D) HM strategy for stereo H.264 video. Firstly, two quantized discrete cosine transform (QDCT) alternating current (AC) coefficients are randomly selected from each embeddable 4 × 4 luminance block. The values of coefficient pairs are classified into nonoverlapping sets. According to the sets of coefficient pairs, the generated 2D histogram is modified to embed data. When the value of one QDCT AC coefficient is modified by adding or subtracting 1, only one data bit at most could be hidden by using the traditional HM, whereas up to three bits of information can be simultaneously embedded by employing the proposed scheme. The better capacity-distortion performance of the proposed strategy is proved by experiments.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61272407 and 61370230).

The authors would like to sincerely thank the reviewers for their valuable comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Juan Zhao, Zhi-Tang Li & Bing Feng

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  1. Juan Zhao
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  2. Zhi-Tang Li
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  3. Bing Feng
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Correspondence to Zhi-Tang Li.

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Zhao, J., Li, ZT. & Feng, B. A novel two-dimensional histogram modification for reversible data embedding into stereo H.264 video. Multimed Tools Appl 75, 5959–5980 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2558-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2558-9

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