Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Tensile properties of latex paint films with TiO2 pigment

  • Published:
Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The tensile properties of latex paint films containing TiO2 pigment were studied with respect to temperature, strain-rate and moisture content. The purpose of performing these experiments was to assist museums in defining safe conditions for modern paintings held in collections. The glass transition temperature of latex paint binders is in close proximity to ambient temperature, resulting in high strain-rate dependence in typical exposure environments. Time dependence of modulus and failure strain is discussed in the context of time–temperature superposition, which was used to extend the experimental time scale. Nonlinear viscoelastic material models are also presented, which incorporate a Prony series with the Ogden or Neo-Hookean hyperelastic function for different TiO2 concentrations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • ABAQUS (1998). ABAQUS User Manual. Cheshire, UK, Hibbitt, Karlsson, & Sorensen U.K.

  • Barrie, J.A.: Water in polymers. In: Crank, J., Park, G.S. (eds.) Diffusion in Polymers, pp. 259–313. Academic Press, London (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa, J.: Interpretation of polymer effects with pseudo cross-link model. Die Makromolekulare Chemie 14, 3–16 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goh, S.M., Charalambides, M.N., Williams, J.G.: Determination of the constitutive constants of non-linear viscoelastic materials. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 8, 255–268 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagan, E.: (2008, to be submitted). Viscoelastic properties of latex artist paints. Mechanical Engineering. London, Imperial College London. PhD

  • Jablonski, E., Learner, T., Hayes, J., Golden, M.: Conservation concerns for acrylic emulsion paints. IIC Rev. Conserv. 3, 1–13 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaliske, M., Rothert, H.: Formulation and implementation of three-dimensional viscoelasticity at small and finite strains. Comput. Mech. 19, 228–239 (1997)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Keddie, J.L.: Film formation of latex. Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep. 21, 101–170 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marckmann, G., Verron, E.: Comparison of hyperelastic models for rubber-like materials. Rubber Chem. Technol. 79(5), 835–858 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mecklenburg, M.F., Tumosa, C.S.: An introduction into mechanical behaviour of paintings under rapid loading conditions. In: Mecklenburg, M.F. (ed.) Art in Transit: Studies in the Transport of Paintings, pp. 137–172. National Gallery of Art., Washington (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Obataya, E., Ohno, Y., Norimoto, M., Tomita, B.: Effects of oriental lacquer (urushi) coating on the vibrational properties of wood used for the soundboards of musical instruments. Acoust. Sci. Technol. 22(1), 27–34 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa, T., Inoue, A., Osawa, S.: Effect of water on viscoelastic properties of oriental lacquer film. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 69(2), 315–321 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.L.: Nonlinear viscoelastic response of amorphous elastomers to constant strain rates. Trans. Soc. Rheol. 6, 61–80 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.L., Stedry, P.J.: Time and temperature dependence of the ultimate properties of an SBR rubber at constant elongations. J. Appl. Phys. 31(11), 1892–1898 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steward, P.A., Hearn, J., Wilkinson, M.C.: An overview of polymer latex film formation and properties. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 86, 195–267 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R.L., Pister, K.S., Goudreau, G.L.: Thermomechanical analysis of viscoelastic solids. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 2, 45–59 (1970)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, M.L., Landel, R.F., Ferry, J.D.: The temperature dependence of relaxation mechanisms in amorphous polymers and other glass-forming liquids. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77(14), 3701–3707 (1955)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, C.J., Lindan, P.J.D.: Multilayer water adsorption on rutile TiO2(110): A first-principles study. J. Chem. Phys. 118(10), 4620–4630 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zosel, A.: Mechanical behaviour of coating films. Prog. Org. Coat. 8, 47–79 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Eric W. S. Hagan & Maria N. Charalambides

  2. Conservation Department, Tate, London, UK

    Eric W. S. Hagan & Stephen Hackney

  3. Department of Conservation & Technology, Courtauld Institute of Art, London, UK

    Christina T. Young

  4. Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Thomas J. S. Learner

Authors
  1. Eric W. S. Hagan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maria N. Charalambides
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christina T. Young
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Thomas J. S. Learner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Stephen Hackney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric W. S. Hagan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hagan, E.W.S., Charalambides, M.N., Young, C.T. et al. Tensile properties of latex paint films with TiO2 pigment. Mech Time-Depend Mater 13, 149–161 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-009-9076-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-009-9076-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation