Abstract
When performing inverse dynamic analysis (IDA) of musculoskeletal models to study human motion, inaccuracies in experimental input data and a mismatch between the model and subject lead to dynamic inconsistency. By predicting the ground reaction forces and moments (GRF&Ms) this inconsistency can be reduced and force plate measurements become unnecessary. In this study, a method for predicting GRF&Ms was validated for an array of sports-related movements. The method was applied to ten healthy subjects performing, for example, running, a side-cut manoeuvre, and vertical jump. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (\(r\)) and root-mean-square deviation were used to compare the predicted GRF&Ms and associated joint kinetics to the traditional IDA approach, where the GRF&Ms were measured using force plates. The main findings were that the method provided estimates comparable to traditional IDA across all movements for vertical GRFs (\(r\) ranging from 0.97 to 0.99, median 0.99), joint flexion moments (\(r\) ranging from 0.79 to 0.98, median 0.93), and resultant joint reaction forces (\(r\) ranging from 0.78 to 0.99, median 0.97). Considering these results, this method can be used instead of force plate measurements, hereby, facilitating IDA in sports science research and enabling complete IDA using motion analysis systems that do not incorporate force plate data.
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Abbreviations
- IDA:
-
Inverse dynamic analysis
- GRF&Ms:
-
Ground reaction forces and moments
- ASP:
-
Acceleration from a standing position
- AMS:
-
AnyBody Modeling System
- DOF:
-
Degrees-of-freedom
- GRF:
-
Ground reaction force
- GRM:
-
Ground reaction moment
- AFM:
-
Ankle flexion moment
- ASEM:
-
Ankle subtalar eversion moment
- KFM:
-
Knee flexion moment
- HFM:
-
Hip flexion moment
- HAM:
-
Hip abduction moment
- HERM:
-
Hip external rotation moment
- JRF:
-
Joint reaction force
- \(r\) :
-
Pearson’s correlation coefficient
- RMSD:
-
Root-mean-square deviation
- RL:
-
Right leg
- LL:
-
Left leg
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Acknowledgements
This work received funding from the Danish Council for Independent Research under grant number DFF-4184-00018 to M.S. Andersen and from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under the LifeLongJoints Project, Grant Agreement no. GA-310477 to M. Jung and M. Damsgaard.
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M. Damsgaard is the head of development, minority shareholder, and member of the board of directors of AnyBody Technology A/S that owns and sells the AnyBody Modeling System.
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Skals, S., Jung, M.K., Damsgaard, M. et al. Prediction of ground reaction forces and moments during sports-related movements. Multibody Syst Dyn 39, 175–195 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-016-9537-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-016-9537-4