Skip to main content
Log in

Pastoral Burnout and the Impact of Personal Spiritual Renewal, Rest-taking, and Support System Practices

  • Published:
Pastoral Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pastors risk burnout because of inordinate ministerial demands, which may drain their emotional, cognitive, spiritual, and physical energy reserves and impair their overall effectiveness. Burnout advances across three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced accomplishment. The debilitating effects of pastoral burnout were examined through a survey of 270 pastors. Relationships between burnout and three potentially preventative or mitigating factors, spiritual renewal, rest-taking, and support system practices, were explored. The results identified spiritual dryness as the primary predictor of emotional exhaustion, the stress dimension of burnout. In the published literature, no other work to date has empirically substantiated a link between pastors’ spirituality and burnout. These findings expand the burnout construct and promote leader self-care practices that foster resilience, vitality, and well-being.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barna, B. (1993). Todays pastors: A revealing look at what pastors are saying about themselves, their peers and the pressures they face. Ventura: Regal Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, W. D. (1993). Understanding regression assumptions. Newbury Park: Sate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caplan, G. (1986). The family as a support system. In G. Caplan, & M. Killiea (Eds.), Support systems and mutual help (pp. 19–36). New York: Grune and Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S. (1998). Resilience and thriving: Issues, models, and linkages. Journal of Social Issues, 54(2), 245–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, C. H. (1987). Ministers support group: Alternative to burnout. Nashville: Convention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diddams, M., Surdyk, L., Daniels, D., & Van Duzer, J. (2004). Implications of biblical principles of rhythm and rest for individual and organizational practices. Christian Scholars Review, 33(3), 311–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. W., & Mattila, W. S. (1983). The needs of evangelical Christian leaders in the United States. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11(1), 28–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, R. J. (1998). Celebration of discipline: The path to spiritual growth (20th Anniversary). New York: HarperCollins Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gemignani, M. (2002). Spiritual formation for pastors: Feeding the fire within. Valley Forge: Judson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, B. G. (1987). Who ministers to ministers? A study of support systems for clergy and spouses. Washington: The Alban Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, Y., Bachelor, P. A., & Michael, W. B. (1989). The dimensionality of a modified form of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for university students in a teacher-training program. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 49, 549–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grosch, W. N., & Olsen, D. C. (2000). Clergy burnout: An integrative approach. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(5), 619–632.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guinn, J. (1999). Sabbath-keeping — The May 1999 survey. Louisville, KY: Research Services, General Assembly Council, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Retrieved August 8, 20058 from http://www/pcusa.org/research/monday/sabkeep.htm

  • Hair Jr., J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Tatham, R. L., & Anderson, R. E. (2005). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, T. W. (1997). The personal functioning of pastors: A review of empirical research with implications for the care of pastors. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 25(2), 240–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallsten, L. (1993). Burning out: A framework. In W. B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach, & T. Marek (Eds.), Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research (pp. 95–113). Washington: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hands, D. R., & Fehr, W. L. (1993). Spiritual wholeness for clergy: A new psychology of intimacy with God, self, and others. Washington: The Alban Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, W. E. (1985). Managing stress in ministry. San Francisco: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, S. E., Schwab, R. L., & Schuler, R. S. (1986). Toward an understanding of the burnout phenomenon. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(14), 630–640.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jinkins, M., & Wulff, K. (2002, May). Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary’s clergy burnout survey. Congregations (Publication of the Alban Institute). Retrieved on August 18, 2008, from http://www.alban.org/pdf/AustinGrad2-app.pdf

  • Lee, T. (2003). Sabbath-keeping by Protestant ministers: An avenue of meeting the basic psychological needs and mitigating professional burnout. Dissertation Abstracts International, 64(08), 4110B. (UMI No. 3103494)

  • Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1993). A further examination of managerial burnout: Toward an integrated model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(1), 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2), 123–133.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (1988). The impact of interpersonal environment on burnout and organizational commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9(4), 297–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • London Jr., H. B., & Wiseman, N. B. (2003). Pastors at greater risk. Ventura: Regal Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslach, C. (1982). Burnout: The cost of caring. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslach, C. (1993). Burnout: A multidimensional perspective. In W. B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach, & T. Marek (Eds.), Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research (pp. 19–32). Washington: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslach, C. (2000). A multidimensional theory of burnout. In C. S. Cooper (Ed.), Theories of Organizational Stress (pp. 68–85). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslach, C. A., & Jackson, S. E. (1986). Maslach Burnout Inventory manual. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslach, C. A., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslach, C. A., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeal, R. (2000). A work of heart: Understanding how God shapes spiritual leaders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minirth, F., Hawkins, D., Meier, P., & Flournoy, R. (1986). How to beat burnout. Chicago: Moody.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, A. E. (2002). Spirituality & leadership: Harnessing the wisdom, guidance, and power of the soul. Colorado Springs: NavPress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nouwen, H. J. (2001). In the name of Jesus: Reflections on Christian leadership. New York: Crossroad.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostrander, D. L., Henry, C. S., & Fournier, D. G. (1994). Stress, family resources, coping, and adaptation in ministers’ families. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 13(1), 50–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oswald, R. M. (1991a). Clergy self-care: Finding a balance for effective ministry. Washington: Alban Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oswald, R. M. (1991b). How to build a support system for your ministry. Washington: Alban Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pines, A. M., & Aronson, E. (1989). Career burnout: Causes and cures. New York: Free.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, J. O. (1980). Spiritual leadership. Chicago: Moody.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanford, J. A. (1982). Ministry burnout. New York: Paulist.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaufeli, W. B., & Enzmann, D. (1998). The burnout companion to study & practice: A critical analysis. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spaite, D. (1999). Time bomb in the Church: Defusing pastoral burnout. Kansas City: Beacon Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swenson, R. A. (1992). Margin: Restoring emotional, physical, financial, and time reserves to overloaded lives. Colorado Springs: NavPress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swenson, R. A. (2002). The overload syndrome: Learning to live within your limits. Colorado Springs: NavPress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner, J., & Carter, J. D. (1984). Loneliness, marital adjustment and burnout in pastoral and lay persons. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 12(2), 125–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westman, M., & Etzion, D. (1995). Crossover of stress, strain and resources from one spouse to another. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(2), 169–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitney, D. S. (1991). Spiritual disciplines for the Christian life. Colorado Springs: NavPress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willard, D. (1988). The spirit of the disciplines: Understanding how God changes lives. San Francisco: Harper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willard, D. (1999). Hearing God: Developing a conversational relationship with God. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willimon, W. H. (1989). Clergy and laity burnout. Nashville: Abingdon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winnubst, J. (1993). Organizational structure, social support, and burnout. In W. B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach, & T. Marek (Eds.), Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research (pp. 151–162). Washington: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuellner, F. S. (1998). Feed my shepherds: Spiritual healing and renewal for those in Christian leadership. Nashville: Upper Room Books.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Diane J. Chandler.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chandler, D.J. Pastoral Burnout and the Impact of Personal Spiritual Renewal, Rest-taking, and Support System Practices. Pastoral Psychol 58, 273–287 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-008-0184-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-008-0184-4

Keywords

Navigation